Morning News today, Liaoning Hunters will play away to Zhejiang Guangsha team.
currently ranked seventh mansions, and Liaolan ranked eleventh, both teams are doing work for the playoff spot. If Liaolan can beat the game, it will narrow the gap between parties wins. At present, two difficulties are not their own small, Liaolan demoralization after two straight sets, most players are very young squad, the key moment of an unstable state leading the team to play in the game often abnormal. The mansions in the top eight even though the list, but the team is only one foreign aid, Musharraf Alstom away so that they become very passive. In this case, Liaolan not without chance of winning, relaxed state of mind, steady defense, it is possible to get the road victory.
Live Tip: Liaoning, Zhejiang Guangsha 19:30 today, the public channel vs Liaoning Hunters
(This article Source: Huashang Wang - Chinese Business Morning News on: Cui Ningning)
Monday, February 28, 2011
Sunday, February 27, 2011
Medical Sea Titbits (20) - the differential diagnosis of acute chest pain
With acute chest pain in emergency department chest pain is often faced with the problem. There are indications of the chief complaint of acute chest pain patients in emergency medical patients accounted for 5% to 20% in tertiary hospitals is accounted for 20% to 30% . With the lifestyle changes and population aging treatment in the emergency department chest pain patients by a gradual increase in volume. any physical, chemical, mechanical and biological stimuli, such as mechanical pressure, chemical irritants, trauma, inflammation, tumor stimulation sensory fibers of heart and great vessels, trachea, bronchi and esophagus vagal sensory fibers and the phrenic nerve afferent fibers, etc., can cause chest pain sensation. In addition, the mechanism of referred pain, visceral afferent impulses may also lead to corresponding parts of the body surface of pain. ischemia lactic acid and other substances on local afferent nerve stimulation can cause jaw, neck, left shoulder, left arm pain. thorax, including chest wall layers (skin, muscle, intercostal nerve, rib, sternum, thoracic spine until parietal pleura), heart, aorta, pulmonary artery, trachea, esophagus, mediastinum, and lung disease or injury can cause chest pain. it is more a result of symptoms of chest pain.
different clinical manifestations of acute chest pain, the ever-changing condition, There is also risk of a large difference. there is a retrospective study found that in the final diagnosis of acute coronary syndrome in patients with acute chest pain 15608, there are 2992 people in the emergency department was diagnosed with non-cardiac chest pain. Another studies indicate that nearly 3% were diagnosed in the emergency room for non-cardiac chest pain patients home within 30 days after the occurrence of a malignant cardiac event. but some good prognosis if misdiagnosed as chest pain and serious cardiovascular events, will increase the patient's concerns and psychological burden, lead to unnecessary medical expenses and even bodily trauma. Therefore, given rapid identification of patients with acute chest pain diagnosis, while giving its accurate assessment of risk and make timely and proper disposal, is the emergency One of the great challenges facing doctors.
common idea of differential diagnosis of acute chest pain is from the perspective of the cause, will be divided into cardiac chest pain and non-cardiac chest pain. then occur according to the etiology of chest pain and anatomical pathology, the differential diagnosis. However, not all are fatal cardiac chest pain or chest pain in the emergency disposal stages prompted serious consequences of poor prognosis, such as tuberculous pericarditis; the same time, some non-cardiac chest pain patients in critical condition or may occur at any life-threatening, such as tension pneumothorax. In addition, a variety of reasons can lead to acute non-cardiac chest pain, emergency room doctors often need to arrange for the patient a series of related inspection, then the differential diagnosis of the results of these checks. But the reality is that, due to the limited space environment and emergency medical resources, emergency physicians are often faced with many diseases, easy to reflect the emergency After emergency medical treatment is the basic working principle. in this context, the ER doctors from the perspective of severity of illness diagnosis and to initiate emergency treatment. The more severe the disease, its prognosis becomes time dependent, it should be For a limited time to complete goal-oriented treatment.
patients with acute chest pain treatment should be attention to two principles: first, to quickly eliminate the most dangerous and urgent diseases, such as acute myocardial infarction, aortic dissection , pulmonary embolism, tension pneumothorax, etc.; Second, the diagnosis is not routine in hospital patients should be observed evolution of the disease, prevent the occurrence of sudden death after discharge of these serious cardiac events. the specific processes are as follows:
(1) First of all determine the severity of unstable vital signs of patients, should immediately begin to stabilize the vital signs of the treatment; also began further processing;
(2) of the patients vital signs were stable, the first access to medical history and symptoms;
(3) targeted supplementary examination;
(4) After the above process can begin immediately clear cause of the patients the cause of the targeted therapy, such as acute myocardial infarction by coronary reperfusion therapy as soon as possible, on pneumothorax in patients with acute ventilation or drainage, etc. as soon as possible;
(5) can not clear the cause of patients hospitalized for observation for some time, 6 hours is generally recommended.
one emergency medical admissions
access After attending patients with chest pain, should first assess the patient's vital signs: consciousness, heart rate, respiration, blood pressure (not including body temperature, because the temperature measurement will take some time), the assessment process should be as short. If it is found in patients with unstable vital signs ( For example, confusion) or a rapid deterioration of vital signs (such as severe hypotension), patients should be immediately sent to the recovery, the preparation or implementation of cardiopulmonary resuscitation. this time, no matter what the cause chest pain caused by the first ABCDE cardiopulmonary resuscitation should be in accordance with the procedures (see relevant sections), and stable vital signs of patients, treatment of life-threatening pathological condition. If the patient is relatively stable vital signs, diagnosis and treatment steps can be the next step.
Second, the history of
on the vital signs were stable patients, the first for history and symptoms. Zonglun in this book, we have introduced the emergency diagnosis of fact is based on probability, pain accounted for 19%, while only 16% of cardiac pain. occur in young people and chest pain in menopausal women, functional chest pain, a considerable proportion of the common determined to neurosis, hyperventilation syndrome. In fact, women before menopause, without the risk factors (such as family history, hypertension, dyslipidemia and diabetes) are rare coronary heart disease. But in the over 60 population, the proportion of cardiac chest pain is much higher than 50%. Therefore, understanding the patient's age, gender, and social psychological factors, smoking, diabetes, hyperlipidemia, left ventricular hypertrophy, hypertension and other medical history and family history of patients with chest pain for the assessment of the cause is essential. At the same time, some of these basic patients with chest pain assessment data is an important basis for risk stratification.
general, the main features of chest pain described by five aspects, namely, pain location and radiation parts of the nature of pain, pain, time, predisposing factors, mitigating factors and associated symptoms These characteristics are often implicit in the diagnosis and differential diagnosis of a clue, these characteristics of patients with acute chest pain admissions doctors need to focus on the content of inquiry, a considerable part of the chest pain patients rely solely on the detailed history can be essential to diagnosis:
1
site and radiation parts of chest pain in the chest, often prompted angina, acute myocardial infarction, aortic dissection, esophageal disease, and mediastinal diseases; to precordial chest pain as the main site of pain is seen in angina pectoris, acute pericarditis, left intercostal neuritis, cartilage inflammation, herpes zoster; chest pain in the side are often occurs in acute pleurisy, pulmonary embolism, intercostal muscle inflammation; liver or subphrenic lesions can be expressed as the right side of chest pain; limited to the apex or the left chest below the nipple for the heart neurosis and other multi-functional due to chest pain, it can be splenic flexure syndrome.
the same position with chest pain, radiation site is also an important clue to the cause of chest pain prompted. radiotherapy to the neck, jaw, left arm ulnar cardiac chest pain is often the typical symptoms of ischemic chest pain, also can be seen in acute pericarditis. chest pain radiating to the back can be found in aortic dissection acute myocardial infarction. radiotherapy to the right shoulder and right chest pain often prompts may or subphrenic biliary lesions.
2
considerable part of the nature of disease, pain, chest pain caused by the nature of the pain that has certain characteristics, such as heart ischemic chest pain. When a patient to his chest discomfort described as oppressive, crushing resistance, up a sense of nausea or chest pain, the most typical situation is tight in the chest by the patient make a fist to describe his discomfort. The sharp knife cut, the pain often support pericarditis, pleurisy and pulmonary embolism. aortic dissection occurs more performance for the sudden tearing pain, with a strong characteristic. showed needle-like or electric shock-like moment of pain can be found in functional chest pain, intercostal neuritis, herpes zoster, esophageal hiatal hernia. chest wall pain is often positioning clear, and chest pain caused by lesions of internal organs can not be more clearly position.
3 pain pain lasting
the time limit on the differential diagnosis of chest pain has a strong value, especially for non-ischemic chest pain and myocardial ischemia the identification of chest pain. only a brief moment or less than 15 seconds of chest pain, chest pain, myocardial ischemia is not supported, but more likely to musculoskeletal neuropathic pain, hiatal hernia pain or functional pain. for 2 to 10 minutes of chest pain , and more for the stability of the chest pain, and for 10 to 30 minutes are much more unstable angina. even more than 30 minutes to a few hours of chest pain can be acute myocardial infarction, pericarditis, aortic dissection, herpes zoster, bone pain, the pain of these diseases of long duration and difficult to alleviate in the short period of time.
4 and mitigating factors
induced ischemic chest pain, particularly angina pectoris, or more emotion evoked by the labor, and rest or sublingual nitroglycerin, due to reduced demand for cardiac oxygen consumption, chest pain can be relieved. Most of angina after sublingual nitroglycerin within 3-5 minutes can significantly relieve that, more than 15 minutes without relief may be a myocardial infarction or ischemic chest pain. esophageal spasm in consuming more than chest pain induced by cold liquid, and sometimes free to attack, after sublingual nitroglycerin partial remission, but a slower onset than angina. In addition to esophageal spasm chest pain caused by, other non-ischemic chest pain with nitroglycerin can not be mitigated. pleurisy caused by acute chest pain often related to respiratory and chest movement, deep breathing can be induced by the increase, can reduce breath-hold. musculoskeletal chest pain and nerve often touch or movement in the chest aggravated. and more with functional chest pain related to depression, chest pain, hyperventilation induced by breathing too fast. Mallory-Weiss syndrome is often after vomiting. Thus, to understand the incentive chest pain and mitigation factors contribute to the analysis of the possible causes.
5
symptoms associated with chest pain caused by different causes have different associated symptoms. chest pain associated with pale skin, sweating, blood pressure or shock can be seen in acute myocardial infarction, the main artery dissection, aortic sinus aneurysm rupture or acute pulmonary embolism. hemoptysis with chest pain suggestive of pulmonary embolism, lung cancer and other respiratory diseases. chest pain with fever seen in lobar pneumonia, acute pleuritis, acute pericarditis and other acute infectious diseases . When the chest pain was accompanied by breathing difficulties, severe disease often involving the heart and lung function prompts, such as acute myocardial infarction, pulmonary embolism, lobar pneumonia, pneumothorax, mediastinal emphysema and other conditions. dysphagia associated with chest pain the presence of esophageal diseases prompted. And when the chest pain patients with significant anxiety, depression, sighing symptoms of cardiac neurosis should think of the possibility of chest pain and other functions.
Third, physical examination
in emergency conditions, for patients with acute chest pain, generally can not conduct a comprehensive, systematic physical examination, because in most cases the disease does not allow sufficient time for doctors to do so. And was regrettable that the heart symptoms of chest pain patients in the few specific changes, so not much help on the differential diagnosis. It is therefore important to have specific, targeted manner based on the patient's medical history and personal characteristics of the clinical thinking of some key physical examination.
examination of patients with acute chest pain and general principles: easy things first, give priority to life-threatening gastrointestinal emergency in the investigation, in adherence to the possibility of large-derived. However, there may be other reasons? speculate on the probability from the onset, the possibility of a large cardiovascular origin. However, there may be other reasons? clothes if we open the patient to see along the rib Traveling the blister space, it is highly suspected diagnosis of chest pain caused by herpes zoster. Although the incidence of the disease is not high, but the differential diagnosis of simple to just do an ECG to develop simultaneously, carefully check the skin of patients, can quickly give patients a preliminary condition assessment. Therefore, a relatively stable vital signs of patients under the premise of a similar process is simple and clear conclusion to the first examination carried out.
65 years old male patient, at home, stand up when the sudden squatting toilet chest pain and breathing difficulties 1h, is looking cyanosis, orthopnea. past smoking, hypertension, chronic obstructive pulmonary disease, history of diabetes. Our focus is on the or Any patients with severe chest pain, should first touch the limbs of the arterial pulse. Although the normal limb arterial pulse can not be other than the disease, but if the blood pressure in patients with limb asymmetry not even touched, and the past are very different, the next treatment should be directed to a high degree of suspected aortic dissection. In addition, sometimes the Ministry of aortic arch dissection on sternal fossa in the abnormal pulse; jugular vein filling or distention seen in cardiac tamponade.
for patients with chest pain, chest examination is naturally the focus. but because of the heart chest pain of the pneumothorax may be suspected if (caused by large unilateral breath sounds reduced survival of patients with pulmonary embolism rarely reach the emergency room, so the probability of the angle from the onset, and less considered). If you find wet rales lungs clouds, the direction and treatment be emphasized (mm myocardial infarction heart failure).
chest pain in patients with abdominal signs also need attention, attention should be without tenderness, especially the xiphoid, the gallbladder area site. Do not forget to check whether the swelling of the lower limbs, whether deep vein thrombosis based.
four auxiliary examination
with social development and technological advancement, emergency physicians can use the secondary inspection means more and more. but not all in the emergency conditions are applied. How to choose trade-offs, is the medical admissions have to be solved. For patients with acute chest pain should be based on patient history, physical examination results initial, targeted to carry out additional tests. in the choice of other auxiliary examination, paying particular attention to a few principles: 1, effective, safe and simple to complete secondary inspection, 2, note that the unity of sensitivity and specificity, 3, pay attention to the risks and benefits of unification. auxiliary inspection arrangements, but also pay attention to co-ordinate learning arrangements. acute chest pain clinic Unlike other emergency condition, a strong time-dependent. the use of different secondary examination time waiting for results, a supplementary examination under reasonable arrangement can effectively reduce the waiting time of patients diagnosed, for example, waiting for the return of blood biochemistry results time, can do several EKG.
for acute myocardial infarction, coronary angiography is no doubt the ECG because of its non-invasive, repeatable, simple and advantages as acute chest pain of choice for secondary inspection. emergency department chest pain patients should strive for 10 min to complete clinical examination, tracings of 18-lead ECG (normal 12-lead plus V7 ~ V9, V3R ~ V5R) and analyzed. electrocardiogram is the emergency room doctors suspected acute chest pain caused by acute myocardial ischemia time High, ST segment depression (g1mV) and the ST segment remained unchanged. on risk stratification of suspected ACS patients has important significance. Although the emergency room doctors often can not be sure whether a myocardial infarction in patients with Q wave myocardial infarction development, or non-Q wave myocardial infarction, but the initial evaluation and treatment can be based on whether the ST-segment elevation, ST segment depression and T wave changes to the decision.
history of support if the diagnosis of myocardial ischemia is approximately 29% of chest pain patients with ST> 1 mV; 22%> 2 mV.15% of patients with chest pain and 1 mV> ST> 0 with acute myocardial ischemia. its sensitivity = 77%, specificity = 97%; and has the value of the diagnosis . But it should be noted: ECG error rate of about 1 - 10%; in particular the rate of change of different operators = 14% (ST> 2 mV), the error is mainly due to the placement of ECG leads, followed by position patients. about 70% of acute inferior wall myocardial ischemia, 30% of the existence of acute myocardial ischemia mirror phenomenon. its specificity 93%, sensitivity 69%. If there is no inter-ventricular conduction problem, there more value. image intensity and poor prognosis, in V1, V2, V3 has great value.
patients with ST-segment elevation is not to necessarily mean myocardial ischemia (such as Brugada syndrome or acute cardiac inflammation). On the contrary, ST segment did not change does not mean there is no myocardial injury. In fact, 50% AMI patients in the emergency room, the ECG may be normal. And, no ECG changes in non-ST segment elevation myocardial infarction does not exist. In addition to ST changes, but also should be noted that the height of R wave, as represented in the contraction of the main electrical vector sum of the myocardial cells. For patients with persistent chest pain, repeated ECG and compared the change is more than one single ECG meaningful. particularly with old myocardial infarction or bundle branch block with previous patients.
studies have reported that, for acute myocardial ischemia, emergency bedside ultrasound is more sensitive than the ECG and specificity can be found in wall and observe the stages of movement disorders in the treatment of vascular re-opened. Although bedside ultrasound also has a non-invasive, repeatable characteristics, but in practice, even in Europe, America and other developed countries, with the emergency conditions of emergency echocardiography Branch and rare, and in cardiac ultrasound results influenced by the operator, it is difficult to become a unified standard. So bedside echocardiography diagnosis of acute myocardial ischemia is currently only stay in the research stage. However, if the patient's history, signs suggest there may be cardiac tamponade, or artificial heart valve implantation in patients with severe chest pain with cardiac murmurs, then it should create the conditions for cardiac ultrasound.
not every patient needs to do chest radiography. If history symptoms typical dynamic ECG changes, acute myocardial infarction can be established at this time need to quickly open the side of the weakening or disappearance of breath sounds, chest radiography (chest CT or chest X-ray) is the content must be completed. On the other hand, in most hospitals, patients need to leave the emergency room for radiography, be sure to check out a full assessment of the risk . If there is no performance of acute pneumothorax, in general, thoracic and abdominal imaging studies (X ray, ultrasound) suggested on the blood test results return will come next. This condition can have a more comprehensive understanding of imaging will be done targeted.
in arranging blood tests, they should be combined with patient history and clinical presentation focused. should pay special attention to the choice of the sensitivity and specificity. such as lactate dehydrogenase (LDH) increase in myocardial infarction, However, LDH increased in a considerable number of diseases caused by chest pain also exists, therefore, patients with chest pain can not be excluded either LDH diagnostic testing can not confirm the diagnosis, but the diagnosis of a indicators to carry out as little as possible in the emergency department, patients in the treatment process to reduce unnecessary medical expenses.
in the revised WHO diagnostic guidelines in acute myocardial infarction, myocardial importance of biochemical markers is greatly increased. myocardial biochemical The corresponding interpretation of markers of acute myocardial infarction in this chapter will detail cases. This paper focuses on the perspective of chest pain from the reception to introduce the biochemical markers of myocardial note.
Although CK-MB is a specific marker of myocardial thing, but there may be normal 5U / L of MB, can be 5% of the total CK. In striated muscle damage caused by the chest pain (intercostal muscle damage) when, CK significantly increased, CK-MB will follow increased but the proportion is still less than 5% -8%. Therefore, the detection of CK-MB should be simultaneous detection of CK, the proportion of their key observations. In some adenocarcinomas, will appear CK CK-MB greater than the phenomenon, which mainly two enzymes with different detection methods, interfere with tumor secreted proteins.
troponin T or I was recently used in clinical cardiac markers. Some studies have shown elevated troponin value than the clinical and ECG greater value; specificity and sensitivity are better than creatine kinase (CK). However, in patients with acute chest pain, if patients have a history of kidney or renal insufficiency performance (no urine, oliguria or urinary protein) , should also check renal function. as TNT or TNI by renal excretion, renal clearance rate decreased in the case, TNT will rise, but definitely does not mean myocardial injury. repeatedly review TNT has a certain significance. but this often requires After several hours in order to have results. Moreover, even if the patient had no history of renal, and if patients need treatment by emergency intervention, and emergency interventions need to use contrast agent, understanding renal function, renal injury to avoid contrast medium is important. Therefore, in the next diagnosis of suspected acute cardiovascular disease, acute chest pain, and should check kidney function.
auxiliary examination in the arrangements, they should consider whether the patient's condition changes due to additional tests and to try to ensure that patients in stable condition in the inspection process. If the inspection process or to check their own risks to patients, must be fully informed of their families, to obtain cooperation and understanding. emergency room doctors should be aware, the arrangements for inspection or examination of certainty exclude checks. If it is excluded from checking whether a safer alternative to other ways? For example, after attending patients with chest pain to ECG found SIQIIITIII, not excluding pulmonary embolism. what additional tests should be scheduled the next step? Because D-dimer negative predictive value 99%, although the pulmonary artery increased CT can clearly confirm the existence of pulmonary embolism, but the balance safety, efficiency and cost and other factors, should be first choice when the serum D-dimer testing.
check if the line is a certainty to be checked, such as aortic dissection rapid development, the condition may suddenly deteriorate, and even leads to death, but if not to enhance the CT scan, no clear dissection type, it can not surgery. meals are enhanced CT scan before, need to prepare, control blood pressure, heart rate, talk to the family, signed, ready to recover the drugs. But from another perspective, if the general condition of patients can not tolerate surgery, or family members will not surgery, it is necessary to reassess the risks should be enhanced CT. At this time, we should pay attention to the unity of the risks and benefits.
certainty, although some check check, but if it can be diagnosed with the disease, not in need of emergency treatment, generally do not need to do a similar check in the emergency department. For example, drop test of esophageal acid pH monitoring or esophageal 24 hours can be diagnosed reflux esophagitis induced chest pain. But if the patient history and signs of making admissions of doctors feel the need to do this inspection, emergency medical treatment program is the best first remission symptoms, then you dispose of Gastroenterology clinics to save the limited medical resources.
not clear cause of patients hospitalized for observation for some time, is generally recommended 6-8 hours. During this period, in addition to symptomatic treatment, should be reviewed at least 1 ECG and cardiac markers. because of acute myocardial infarction (2-4 hours) of myocardial markers can be expressed as normal, ECG also need to observe the dynamic changes of multiple comparison. In addition, the past of old lesions may ECG interference on the formation of .8 hours later, still not a clear diagnosis of the patient, should be based on thorough examination of existing clinical data, such as angiography or enhanced CT scan. For patients with unclear diagnosis should always observe the changes in vital signs , looking for signs of sudden disease progression. Even after remission, also asked the patient before going home chest pain patients, and so once again.
different clinical manifestations of acute chest pain, the ever-changing condition, There is also risk of a large difference. there is a retrospective study found that in the final diagnosis of acute coronary syndrome in patients with acute chest pain 15608, there are 2992 people in the emergency department was diagnosed with non-cardiac chest pain. Another studies indicate that nearly 3% were diagnosed in the emergency room for non-cardiac chest pain patients home within 30 days after the occurrence of a malignant cardiac event. but some good prognosis if misdiagnosed as chest pain and serious cardiovascular events, will increase the patient's concerns and psychological burden, lead to unnecessary medical expenses and even bodily trauma. Therefore, given rapid identification of patients with acute chest pain diagnosis, while giving its accurate assessment of risk and make timely and proper disposal, is the emergency One of the great challenges facing doctors.
common idea of differential diagnosis of acute chest pain is from the perspective of the cause, will be divided into cardiac chest pain and non-cardiac chest pain. then occur according to the etiology of chest pain and anatomical pathology, the differential diagnosis. However, not all are fatal cardiac chest pain or chest pain in the emergency disposal stages prompted serious consequences of poor prognosis, such as tuberculous pericarditis; the same time, some non-cardiac chest pain patients in critical condition or may occur at any life-threatening, such as tension pneumothorax. In addition, a variety of reasons can lead to acute non-cardiac chest pain, emergency room doctors often need to arrange for the patient a series of related inspection, then the differential diagnosis of the results of these checks. But the reality is that, due to the limited space environment and emergency medical resources, emergency physicians are often faced with many diseases, easy to reflect the emergency After emergency medical treatment is the basic working principle. in this context, the ER doctors from the perspective of severity of illness diagnosis and to initiate emergency treatment. The more severe the disease, its prognosis becomes time dependent, it should be For a limited time to complete goal-oriented treatment.
patients with acute chest pain treatment should be attention to two principles: first, to quickly eliminate the most dangerous and urgent diseases, such as acute myocardial infarction, aortic dissection , pulmonary embolism, tension pneumothorax, etc.; Second, the diagnosis is not routine in hospital patients should be observed evolution of the disease, prevent the occurrence of sudden death after discharge of these serious cardiac events. the specific processes are as follows:
(1) First of all determine the severity of unstable vital signs of patients, should immediately begin to stabilize the vital signs of the treatment; also began further processing;
(2) of the patients vital signs were stable, the first access to medical history and symptoms;
(3) targeted supplementary examination;
(4) After the above process can begin immediately clear cause of the patients the cause of the targeted therapy, such as acute myocardial infarction by coronary reperfusion therapy as soon as possible, on pneumothorax in patients with acute ventilation or drainage, etc. as soon as possible;
(5) can not clear the cause of patients hospitalized for observation for some time, 6 hours is generally recommended.
one emergency medical admissions
access After attending patients with chest pain, should first assess the patient's vital signs: consciousness, heart rate, respiration, blood pressure (not including body temperature, because the temperature measurement will take some time), the assessment process should be as short. If it is found in patients with unstable vital signs ( For example, confusion) or a rapid deterioration of vital signs (such as severe hypotension), patients should be immediately sent to the recovery, the preparation or implementation of cardiopulmonary resuscitation. this time, no matter what the cause chest pain caused by the first ABCDE cardiopulmonary resuscitation should be in accordance with the procedures (see relevant sections), and stable vital signs of patients, treatment of life-threatening pathological condition. If the patient is relatively stable vital signs, diagnosis and treatment steps can be the next step.
Second, the history of
on the vital signs were stable patients, the first for history and symptoms. Zonglun in this book, we have introduced the emergency diagnosis of fact is based on probability, pain accounted for 19%, while only 16% of cardiac pain. occur in young people and chest pain in menopausal women, functional chest pain, a considerable proportion of the common determined to neurosis, hyperventilation syndrome. In fact, women before menopause, without the risk factors (such as family history, hypertension, dyslipidemia and diabetes) are rare coronary heart disease. But in the over 60 population, the proportion of cardiac chest pain is much higher than 50%. Therefore, understanding the patient's age, gender, and social psychological factors, smoking, diabetes, hyperlipidemia, left ventricular hypertrophy, hypertension and other medical history and family history of patients with chest pain for the assessment of the cause is essential. At the same time, some of these basic patients with chest pain assessment data is an important basis for risk stratification.
general, the main features of chest pain described by five aspects, namely, pain location and radiation parts of the nature of pain, pain, time, predisposing factors, mitigating factors and associated symptoms These characteristics are often implicit in the diagnosis and differential diagnosis of a clue, these characteristics of patients with acute chest pain admissions doctors need to focus on the content of inquiry, a considerable part of the chest pain patients rely solely on the detailed history can be essential to diagnosis:
1
site and radiation parts of chest pain in the chest, often prompted angina, acute myocardial infarction, aortic dissection, esophageal disease, and mediastinal diseases; to precordial chest pain as the main site of pain is seen in angina pectoris, acute pericarditis, left intercostal neuritis, cartilage inflammation, herpes zoster; chest pain in the side are often occurs in acute pleurisy, pulmonary embolism, intercostal muscle inflammation; liver or subphrenic lesions can be expressed as the right side of chest pain; limited to the apex or the left chest below the nipple for the heart neurosis and other multi-functional due to chest pain, it can be splenic flexure syndrome.
the same position with chest pain, radiation site is also an important clue to the cause of chest pain prompted. radiotherapy to the neck, jaw, left arm ulnar cardiac chest pain is often the typical symptoms of ischemic chest pain, also can be seen in acute pericarditis. chest pain radiating to the back can be found in aortic dissection acute myocardial infarction. radiotherapy to the right shoulder and right chest pain often prompts may or subphrenic biliary lesions.
2
considerable part of the nature of disease, pain, chest pain caused by the nature of the pain that has certain characteristics, such as heart ischemic chest pain. When a patient to his chest discomfort described as oppressive, crushing resistance, up a sense of nausea or chest pain, the most typical situation is tight in the chest by the patient make a fist to describe his discomfort. The sharp knife cut, the pain often support pericarditis, pleurisy and pulmonary embolism. aortic dissection occurs more performance for the sudden tearing pain, with a strong characteristic. showed needle-like or electric shock-like moment of pain can be found in functional chest pain, intercostal neuritis, herpes zoster, esophageal hiatal hernia. chest wall pain is often positioning clear, and chest pain caused by lesions of internal organs can not be more clearly position.
3 pain pain lasting
the time limit on the differential diagnosis of chest pain has a strong value, especially for non-ischemic chest pain and myocardial ischemia the identification of chest pain. only a brief moment or less than 15 seconds of chest pain, chest pain, myocardial ischemia is not supported, but more likely to musculoskeletal neuropathic pain, hiatal hernia pain or functional pain. for 2 to 10 minutes of chest pain , and more for the stability of the chest pain, and for 10 to 30 minutes are much more unstable angina. even more than 30 minutes to a few hours of chest pain can be acute myocardial infarction, pericarditis, aortic dissection, herpes zoster, bone pain, the pain of these diseases of long duration and difficult to alleviate in the short period of time.
4 and mitigating factors
induced ischemic chest pain, particularly angina pectoris, or more emotion evoked by the labor, and rest or sublingual nitroglycerin, due to reduced demand for cardiac oxygen consumption, chest pain can be relieved. Most of angina after sublingual nitroglycerin within 3-5 minutes can significantly relieve that, more than 15 minutes without relief may be a myocardial infarction or ischemic chest pain. esophageal spasm in consuming more than chest pain induced by cold liquid, and sometimes free to attack, after sublingual nitroglycerin partial remission, but a slower onset than angina. In addition to esophageal spasm chest pain caused by, other non-ischemic chest pain with nitroglycerin can not be mitigated. pleurisy caused by acute chest pain often related to respiratory and chest movement, deep breathing can be induced by the increase, can reduce breath-hold. musculoskeletal chest pain and nerve often touch or movement in the chest aggravated. and more with functional chest pain related to depression, chest pain, hyperventilation induced by breathing too fast. Mallory-Weiss syndrome is often after vomiting. Thus, to understand the incentive chest pain and mitigation factors contribute to the analysis of the possible causes.
5
symptoms associated with chest pain caused by different causes have different associated symptoms. chest pain associated with pale skin, sweating, blood pressure or shock can be seen in acute myocardial infarction, the main artery dissection, aortic sinus aneurysm rupture or acute pulmonary embolism. hemoptysis with chest pain suggestive of pulmonary embolism, lung cancer and other respiratory diseases. chest pain with fever seen in lobar pneumonia, acute pleuritis, acute pericarditis and other acute infectious diseases . When the chest pain was accompanied by breathing difficulties, severe disease often involving the heart and lung function prompts, such as acute myocardial infarction, pulmonary embolism, lobar pneumonia, pneumothorax, mediastinal emphysema and other conditions. dysphagia associated with chest pain the presence of esophageal diseases prompted. And when the chest pain patients with significant anxiety, depression, sighing symptoms of cardiac neurosis should think of the possibility of chest pain and other functions.
Third, physical examination
in emergency conditions, for patients with acute chest pain, generally can not conduct a comprehensive, systematic physical examination, because in most cases the disease does not allow sufficient time for doctors to do so. And was regrettable that the heart symptoms of chest pain patients in the few specific changes, so not much help on the differential diagnosis. It is therefore important to have specific, targeted manner based on the patient's medical history and personal characteristics of the clinical thinking of some key physical examination.
examination of patients with acute chest pain and general principles: easy things first, give priority to life-threatening gastrointestinal emergency in the investigation, in adherence to the possibility of large-derived. However, there may be other reasons? speculate on the probability from the onset, the possibility of a large cardiovascular origin. However, there may be other reasons? clothes if we open the patient to see along the rib Traveling the blister space, it is highly suspected diagnosis of chest pain caused by herpes zoster. Although the incidence of the disease is not high, but the differential diagnosis of simple to just do an ECG to develop simultaneously, carefully check the skin of patients, can quickly give patients a preliminary condition assessment. Therefore, a relatively stable vital signs of patients under the premise of a similar process is simple and clear conclusion to the first examination carried out.
65 years old male patient, at home, stand up when the sudden squatting toilet chest pain and breathing difficulties 1h, is looking cyanosis, orthopnea. past smoking, hypertension, chronic obstructive pulmonary disease, history of diabetes. Our focus is on the or Any patients with severe chest pain, should first touch the limbs of the arterial pulse. Although the normal limb arterial pulse can not be other than the disease, but if the blood pressure in patients with limb asymmetry not even touched, and the past are very different, the next treatment should be directed to a high degree of suspected aortic dissection. In addition, sometimes the Ministry of aortic arch dissection on sternal fossa in the abnormal pulse; jugular vein filling or distention seen in cardiac tamponade.
for patients with chest pain, chest examination is naturally the focus. but because of the heart chest pain of the pneumothorax may be suspected if (caused by large unilateral breath sounds reduced survival of patients with pulmonary embolism rarely reach the emergency room, so the probability of the angle from the onset, and less considered). If you find wet rales lungs clouds, the direction and treatment be emphasized (mm myocardial infarction heart failure).
chest pain in patients with abdominal signs also need attention, attention should be without tenderness, especially the xiphoid, the gallbladder area site. Do not forget to check whether the swelling of the lower limbs, whether deep vein thrombosis based.
four auxiliary examination
with social development and technological advancement, emergency physicians can use the secondary inspection means more and more. but not all in the emergency conditions are applied. How to choose trade-offs, is the medical admissions have to be solved. For patients with acute chest pain should be based on patient history, physical examination results initial, targeted to carry out additional tests. in the choice of other auxiliary examination, paying particular attention to a few principles: 1, effective, safe and simple to complete secondary inspection, 2, note that the unity of sensitivity and specificity, 3, pay attention to the risks and benefits of unification. auxiliary inspection arrangements, but also pay attention to co-ordinate learning arrangements. acute chest pain clinic Unlike other emergency condition, a strong time-dependent. the use of different secondary examination time waiting for results, a supplementary examination under reasonable arrangement can effectively reduce the waiting time of patients diagnosed, for example, waiting for the return of blood biochemistry results time, can do several EKG.
for acute myocardial infarction, coronary angiography is no doubt the ECG because of its non-invasive, repeatable, simple and advantages as acute chest pain of choice for secondary inspection. emergency department chest pain patients should strive for 10 min to complete clinical examination, tracings of 18-lead ECG (normal 12-lead plus V7 ~ V9, V3R ~ V5R) and analyzed. electrocardiogram is the emergency room doctors suspected acute chest pain caused by acute myocardial ischemia time High, ST segment depression (g1mV) and the ST segment remained unchanged. on risk stratification of suspected ACS patients has important significance. Although the emergency room doctors often can not be sure whether a myocardial infarction in patients with Q wave myocardial infarction development, or non-Q wave myocardial infarction, but the initial evaluation and treatment can be based on whether the ST-segment elevation, ST segment depression and T wave changes to the decision.
history of support if the diagnosis of myocardial ischemia is approximately 29% of chest pain patients with ST> 1 mV; 22%> 2 mV.15% of patients with chest pain and 1 mV> ST> 0 with acute myocardial ischemia. its sensitivity = 77%, specificity = 97%; and has the value of the diagnosis . But it should be noted: ECG error rate of about 1 - 10%; in particular the rate of change of different operators = 14% (ST> 2 mV), the error is mainly due to the placement of ECG leads, followed by position patients. about 70% of acute inferior wall myocardial ischemia, 30% of the existence of acute myocardial ischemia mirror phenomenon. its specificity 93%, sensitivity 69%. If there is no inter-ventricular conduction problem, there more value. image intensity and poor prognosis, in V1, V2, V3 has great value.
patients with ST-segment elevation is not to necessarily mean myocardial ischemia (such as Brugada syndrome or acute cardiac inflammation). On the contrary, ST segment did not change does not mean there is no myocardial injury. In fact, 50% AMI patients in the emergency room, the ECG may be normal. And, no ECG changes in non-ST segment elevation myocardial infarction does not exist. In addition to ST changes, but also should be noted that the height of R wave, as represented in the contraction of the main electrical vector sum of the myocardial cells. For patients with persistent chest pain, repeated ECG and compared the change is more than one single ECG meaningful. particularly with old myocardial infarction or bundle branch block with previous patients.
studies have reported that, for acute myocardial ischemia, emergency bedside ultrasound is more sensitive than the ECG and specificity can be found in wall and observe the stages of movement disorders in the treatment of vascular re-opened. Although bedside ultrasound also has a non-invasive, repeatable characteristics, but in practice, even in Europe, America and other developed countries, with the emergency conditions of emergency echocardiography Branch and rare, and in cardiac ultrasound results influenced by the operator, it is difficult to become a unified standard. So bedside echocardiography diagnosis of acute myocardial ischemia is currently only stay in the research stage. However, if the patient's history, signs suggest there may be cardiac tamponade, or artificial heart valve implantation in patients with severe chest pain with cardiac murmurs, then it should create the conditions for cardiac ultrasound.
not every patient needs to do chest radiography. If history symptoms typical dynamic ECG changes, acute myocardial infarction can be established at this time need to quickly open the side of the weakening or disappearance of breath sounds, chest radiography (chest CT or chest X-ray) is the content must be completed. On the other hand, in most hospitals, patients need to leave the emergency room for radiography, be sure to check out a full assessment of the risk . If there is no performance of acute pneumothorax, in general, thoracic and abdominal imaging studies (X ray, ultrasound) suggested on the blood test results return will come next. This condition can have a more comprehensive understanding of imaging will be done targeted.
in arranging blood tests, they should be combined with patient history and clinical presentation focused. should pay special attention to the choice of the sensitivity and specificity. such as lactate dehydrogenase (LDH) increase in myocardial infarction, However, LDH increased in a considerable number of diseases caused by chest pain also exists, therefore, patients with chest pain can not be excluded either LDH diagnostic testing can not confirm the diagnosis, but the diagnosis of a indicators to carry out as little as possible in the emergency department, patients in the treatment process to reduce unnecessary medical expenses.
in the revised WHO diagnostic guidelines in acute myocardial infarction, myocardial importance of biochemical markers is greatly increased. myocardial biochemical The corresponding interpretation of markers of acute myocardial infarction in this chapter will detail cases. This paper focuses on the perspective of chest pain from the reception to introduce the biochemical markers of myocardial note.
Although CK-MB is a specific marker of myocardial thing, but there may be normal 5U / L of MB, can be 5% of the total CK. In striated muscle damage caused by the chest pain (intercostal muscle damage) when, CK significantly increased, CK-MB will follow increased but the proportion is still less than 5% -8%. Therefore, the detection of CK-MB should be simultaneous detection of CK, the proportion of their key observations. In some adenocarcinomas, will appear CK CK-MB greater than the phenomenon, which mainly two enzymes with different detection methods, interfere with tumor secreted proteins.
troponin T or I was recently used in clinical cardiac markers. Some studies have shown elevated troponin value than the clinical and ECG greater value; specificity and sensitivity are better than creatine kinase (CK). However, in patients with acute chest pain, if patients have a history of kidney or renal insufficiency performance (no urine, oliguria or urinary protein) , should also check renal function. as TNT or TNI by renal excretion, renal clearance rate decreased in the case, TNT will rise, but definitely does not mean myocardial injury. repeatedly review TNT has a certain significance. but this often requires After several hours in order to have results. Moreover, even if the patient had no history of renal, and if patients need treatment by emergency intervention, and emergency interventions need to use contrast agent, understanding renal function, renal injury to avoid contrast medium is important. Therefore, in the next diagnosis of suspected acute cardiovascular disease, acute chest pain, and should check kidney function.
auxiliary examination in the arrangements, they should consider whether the patient's condition changes due to additional tests and to try to ensure that patients in stable condition in the inspection process. If the inspection process or to check their own risks to patients, must be fully informed of their families, to obtain cooperation and understanding. emergency room doctors should be aware, the arrangements for inspection or examination of certainty exclude checks. If it is excluded from checking whether a safer alternative to other ways? For example, after attending patients with chest pain to ECG found SIQIIITIII, not excluding pulmonary embolism. what additional tests should be scheduled the next step? Because D-dimer negative predictive value 99%, although the pulmonary artery increased CT can clearly confirm the existence of pulmonary embolism, but the balance safety, efficiency and cost and other factors, should be first choice when the serum D-dimer testing.
check if the line is a certainty to be checked, such as aortic dissection rapid development, the condition may suddenly deteriorate, and even leads to death, but if not to enhance the CT scan, no clear dissection type, it can not surgery. meals are enhanced CT scan before, need to prepare, control blood pressure, heart rate, talk to the family, signed, ready to recover the drugs. But from another perspective, if the general condition of patients can not tolerate surgery, or family members will not surgery, it is necessary to reassess the risks should be enhanced CT. At this time, we should pay attention to the unity of the risks and benefits.
certainty, although some check check, but if it can be diagnosed with the disease, not in need of emergency treatment, generally do not need to do a similar check in the emergency department. For example, drop test of esophageal acid pH monitoring or esophageal 24 hours can be diagnosed reflux esophagitis induced chest pain. But if the patient history and signs of making admissions of doctors feel the need to do this inspection, emergency medical treatment program is the best first remission symptoms, then you dispose of Gastroenterology clinics to save the limited medical resources.
not clear cause of patients hospitalized for observation for some time, is generally recommended 6-8 hours. During this period, in addition to symptomatic treatment, should be reviewed at least 1 ECG and cardiac markers. because of acute myocardial infarction (2-4 hours) of myocardial markers can be expressed as normal, ECG also need to observe the dynamic changes of multiple comparison. In addition, the past of old lesions may ECG interference on the formation of .8 hours later, still not a clear diagnosis of the patient, should be based on thorough examination of existing clinical data, such as angiography or enhanced CT scan. For patients with unclear diagnosis should always observe the changes in vital signs , looking for signs of sudden disease progression. Even after remission, also asked the patient before going home chest pain patients, and so once again.
Thursday, February 24, 2011
Champions League - Bayern Luobei Li column Inter Milan Manchester United Away caught with the same boring level lore
Inter Milan 1-0 Bayern
Revenge
Beijing at 3:45 on February 24, 2010/11 season, started the Champions League knockout round first leg of the competition for the last two races, in which Bayern went away to Inter Milan. The first half, Franck Ribery header was denied beam, the second half Robben also hit a shot column. The last minute, Bayern striker Gomez played lore, helping Bayern 1-0 Inter Lectra, the upper hand in the two rounds.
last season, Bayern Munich and Inter Milan in the Champions League final encounter, the result of Lectra Bayern won 2-0 at Inter Milan. The game, Bayern are still discharged 4231 formation, Kraft continues to serve as starting goalkeeper, defensive line, as the Ram and the two backs Planic, Bud Stewart Bell and halfback partner quarter Molash Cukor. In midfield, Schweinsteiger partner Gustavo and lower back, as Franck Ribery and winger Robben, Muller as attacking midfielder. Gomez up front is the one up front. 4321 Inter side discharge formation, Cesar guarded the door, Maicon, Llano Zia, Lucio and the defense lined up in Chivu, Zanetti, Cambiasso, and Mota partner lumbar Stankovic and Sneijder partner front waist, it is striker Samuel Eto'o on the single arrow.
opening just 1 minute, Inter Milan defender Mascherano Zia to be completed within the restricted area of the foot shot, but unfortunately the ball hit high. 11 minutes, high leg kick Sneijder Lahm, but the referee failed to make the cards. After 1 minute, Muller guard shot was denied the restricted area. 18 minutes, Kraft attack a single opponent's pass out of the palm rest, and resolve a dangerous situation.
20 minutes, Gustavo 30 yards away suddenly Shi Leng Jian, rub the ball out of the column. 1 minute Houaituoao quarter into the restricted area was hit by Molash Cukor, but the referee did not a penalty. 21 minutes, Zanetti eat a yellow card fouls. 22 minutes, Gustavo kick outside the area reflects the long-range hit the guard who fly Chudi Xian. After 1 minute, Eto'o divided into the restricted area after Esteban Cambiasso, who close range shot saved by Kraft.
24 minutes, crossing the ball on the right Robben, Franck Ribery in the restricted area shakes center of the box, the ball hit the crossbar on the pop-up. 28 minutes, the ball to Robben on the right Ram, which crosses into the area, but Gomes shot hit the last one foot high. 33 minutes, Lucio crosses into the area, Eto'o Qiuhou turned out volley after two double-team defender, the ball was saved by the magic Kraft, 1 minute later, Ribery foul was a yellow card.
38 minutes, Bayern took the lead substitutions, Brenau replacing Planic. 39 minutes, then team-mate Muller Tongshe long pass in the restricted area was Cesar confiscated. 45 minutes, Sneijder missed long-range 25 yards. Injury time, Maicon drove into the restricted area small-angle shot, the ball is gone. End of the game then the first half, both teams entered with a 0-0 halftime score.
after the start of the second half, both teams still attack unabated, 47 minutes, Robben on the right biography, Mill shakes center of the box missed the restricted area. After 1 minute, Stankovic shot in the restricted area to be back online he denied. 53 minutes, Bayern played up front with exquisite, Robben right foot shot after the ball broke into the restricted area, but unfortunately the ball was denied post.
55 minutes, and Wesley Sneijder made out of disrespect for the referee, yellow card by the referee. 57 minutes in the restricted area Qiuhou Eto'o forced kicker shot, the ball was denied Kraft, followed by Esteban Cambiasso's blank range and hit high. After 1 minute, Robben restricted area before the horizontal foot shot after the ball, the ball touching the beams fly out. 63 minutes, Bastian Schweinsteiger's long-range is Cesar confiscated.
65 minutes, Muller sent into the box pick, Cesar Gomes grab the ball before the forfeiture, to defuse a dangerous situation. 68 minutes, Gustavo low flat ball from 25 yards shot by Cesar fell to the ground confiscated. 73 minutes, Llano Zia injured and had to be replaced Haer Gu.
79 minutes after the pass into the restricted area Haer Gu, Kraft saved the ball. 81 minutes, long-range Robben hit fly from 25 yards. 84 minutes, Inter receive free kick opportunities, Sneijder's shot hit the man directly touching the wall beams fly out. 85 minutes, Motta access the restricted area of a header teammate's corner from the center, the ball was saved Kraft.
87 minutes, and Gustavo Mota eat a yellow card each. After 1 minute, Eto'o's shot hit the restricted area in the back line who missed the column. 90 minutes, Bayern staged lore, Robben Cesar from 25 yards forced to sell long-range, fast plug Gomez blank range nets to help Bayern Munich 1-0 Inter Milan, and ultimately, also by virtue of this grain into Bayern Rick Ball 1-0 Inter Milan.
Inter Milan Lineup (4-3-2-1): 1 - Cesar / 13 - Maicon, 15 - Mascherano Zia (14 - Ha Erjia 73 '), 6 - Lucio, 26 - Chivu / 4 - Javier Zanetti, 19 - Esteban Cambiasso, 8 - Motta / 5 - Stankovic, 10 - Sneijder / 9 - Samuel Eto'o
Bayern Lineup (4-2-3-1): 35 - Craft / 21 - Ram, 28 - Bud Stewart Bell, 44 - Season Molash Cukor, 23 - Planic (2 - Brenau 38 ') / 30 - Gustavo, 31 - Schweinsteiger / 7 - Franck Ribery, 10 - Arjen Robben, 25 - Mill / 33 - Gomez
Manchester United Away boring flat
Marseille
Beijing at 3:45 on February 24, 2010/11 UEFA Champions League 1 / 8 to start the first leg of the final battle. Wyndham golf course home sits Verona Marseille 0-0 goalless draw with Manchester United, Marseille 5 consecutive zero seal Champions League opponents Manchester United team returned to produce the first race of the season 4 quiz. Am Beijing time on March 16, Old Trafford Manchester United team returned home with Marseille for the second leg competition.
the game is the second club after 1999, the first two 3 battle, both sides had in their home a goal margin of victory. But do not fear for Manchester United in terms of French clubs, play against the Red Devils as 24 times before, but only 2 games losing battle, since November 2005 after nearly five times the face when the French club defeated Manchester United wins, 2 and 3 only lost one ball. The campaign, Marseille striker Gignac absence due to groin injury, but Remy, Brandao have passed health checks kick starter; Manchester United side, Ryan Giggs, Rio Ferdinand, Park, Evans, Anderson and Owen are all due to battle injury-free license to hang out, guarding the defensive partner Nemanja Vidic and Si Malin Road, Gibson was allowed to enter the starting lineup.
game early part of the first half, Patrice Evra will be greeted with at least one ball boos. Opening less than 1 minute, then Ayub left-wing cross & retracement of Remy hit the door barely played both high and biased. 3 minutes, Dimitar Berbatov to do cross Road, Nani hit the door on the right to exert the same poor results. 9 minutes, Nani on the right wall of any pop-up ball, the ball homeopathic Fletcher Road projectiles Earth, Man Danda Cepu block and then a ball confiscated. The first 20 minutes, the Manchester United team in the ball and have a slight advantage on the scene.
too many mistakes in the midfield pass the ball, attack on Manchester United in little improvement over time, Ferguson and even got up and stood on the sidelines supervise operations. 29 minutes, Heinze pass, Brandao unload the ball in the chest closure Vidic undercut the case of less than Edwin van der Sar shot was confiscated. 41 minutes, Ayub direct rotation to the right corner near the goal angle, the ball Puxia Edwin van der Sar. 44 minutes, Kabo Lei external long-range is gone. The first half game, Marseille and Manchester United maintain the level into halftime 0-0.
49 minutes, Vidic was Brandao elbow injury not affect the good news will continue to face combat. Not open as late scene, Bar Mo Ena and Paul Scholes are beginning to warm up in the sidelines. 53 minutes, Luqiao - Gonzalez with a cross, Brandao header Qiangdian ball won by Edwin van der Sar. 60 minutes, Rooney arc in the circle to get long distance lob by Man Danda. Immediately, Remy shot the ball straight after the break after blocking pop-up bottom line by Nemanja Vidic. Immediately, Ayub shot inside the restricted area arc is gone.
62 minutes, Ayub volley missed the left side of the restricted area, a remote Brandao failed to form a half a step slow blank range. 69 minutes, John O'Shea on the right biography, deliberately given a statement Nani, Berbatov retracement Diawara shot was blocked. Immediately, Marseille took the lead substitutions adjusted Xielu were sent appearance. Shortly later, Gibson was a poor performance Scholes replaced. 74 minutes, Dimitar Berbatov hit the high right-foot strike from outside the area. 5 minutes later, Barr will play a decent force Remy Aisne removed. But still no good after the offensive opportunities for both sides. Finally, Marseille ended goalless draw with Manchester United 0-0.
Revenge
Beijing at 3:45 on February 24, 2010/11 season, started the Champions League knockout round first leg of the competition for the last two races, in which Bayern went away to Inter Milan. The first half, Franck Ribery header was denied beam, the second half Robben also hit a shot column. The last minute, Bayern striker Gomez played lore, helping Bayern 1-0 Inter Lectra, the upper hand in the two rounds.
last season, Bayern Munich and Inter Milan in the Champions League final encounter, the result of Lectra Bayern won 2-0 at Inter Milan. The game, Bayern are still discharged 4231 formation, Kraft continues to serve as starting goalkeeper, defensive line, as the Ram and the two backs Planic, Bud Stewart Bell and halfback partner quarter Molash Cukor. In midfield, Schweinsteiger partner Gustavo and lower back, as Franck Ribery and winger Robben, Muller as attacking midfielder. Gomez up front is the one up front. 4321 Inter side discharge formation, Cesar guarded the door, Maicon, Llano Zia, Lucio and the defense lined up in Chivu, Zanetti, Cambiasso, and Mota partner lumbar Stankovic and Sneijder partner front waist, it is striker Samuel Eto'o on the single arrow.
opening just 1 minute, Inter Milan defender Mascherano Zia to be completed within the restricted area of the foot shot, but unfortunately the ball hit high. 11 minutes, high leg kick Sneijder Lahm, but the referee failed to make the cards. After 1 minute, Muller guard shot was denied the restricted area. 18 minutes, Kraft attack a single opponent's pass out of the palm rest, and resolve a dangerous situation.
20 minutes, Gustavo 30 yards away suddenly Shi Leng Jian, rub the ball out of the column. 1 minute Houaituoao quarter into the restricted area was hit by Molash Cukor, but the referee did not a penalty. 21 minutes, Zanetti eat a yellow card fouls. 22 minutes, Gustavo kick outside the area reflects the long-range hit the guard who fly Chudi Xian. After 1 minute, Eto'o divided into the restricted area after Esteban Cambiasso, who close range shot saved by Kraft.
24 minutes, crossing the ball on the right Robben, Franck Ribery in the restricted area shakes center of the box, the ball hit the crossbar on the pop-up. 28 minutes, the ball to Robben on the right Ram, which crosses into the area, but Gomes shot hit the last one foot high. 33 minutes, Lucio crosses into the area, Eto'o Qiuhou turned out volley after two double-team defender, the ball was saved by the magic Kraft, 1 minute later, Ribery foul was a yellow card.
38 minutes, Bayern took the lead substitutions, Brenau replacing Planic. 39 minutes, then team-mate Muller Tongshe long pass in the restricted area was Cesar confiscated. 45 minutes, Sneijder missed long-range 25 yards. Injury time, Maicon drove into the restricted area small-angle shot, the ball is gone. End of the game then the first half, both teams entered with a 0-0 halftime score.
after the start of the second half, both teams still attack unabated, 47 minutes, Robben on the right biography, Mill shakes center of the box missed the restricted area. After 1 minute, Stankovic shot in the restricted area to be back online he denied. 53 minutes, Bayern played up front with exquisite, Robben right foot shot after the ball broke into the restricted area, but unfortunately the ball was denied post.
55 minutes, and Wesley Sneijder made out of disrespect for the referee, yellow card by the referee. 57 minutes in the restricted area Qiuhou Eto'o forced kicker shot, the ball was denied Kraft, followed by Esteban Cambiasso's blank range and hit high. After 1 minute, Robben restricted area before the horizontal foot shot after the ball, the ball touching the beams fly out. 63 minutes, Bastian Schweinsteiger's long-range is Cesar confiscated.
65 minutes, Muller sent into the box pick, Cesar Gomes grab the ball before the forfeiture, to defuse a dangerous situation. 68 minutes, Gustavo low flat ball from 25 yards shot by Cesar fell to the ground confiscated. 73 minutes, Llano Zia injured and had to be replaced Haer Gu.
79 minutes after the pass into the restricted area Haer Gu, Kraft saved the ball. 81 minutes, long-range Robben hit fly from 25 yards. 84 minutes, Inter receive free kick opportunities, Sneijder's shot hit the man directly touching the wall beams fly out. 85 minutes, Motta access the restricted area of a header teammate's corner from the center, the ball was saved Kraft.
87 minutes, and Gustavo Mota eat a yellow card each. After 1 minute, Eto'o's shot hit the restricted area in the back line who missed the column. 90 minutes, Bayern staged lore, Robben Cesar from 25 yards forced to sell long-range, fast plug Gomez blank range nets to help Bayern Munich 1-0 Inter Milan, and ultimately, also by virtue of this grain into Bayern Rick Ball 1-0 Inter Milan.
Inter Milan Lineup (4-3-2-1): 1 - Cesar / 13 - Maicon, 15 - Mascherano Zia (14 - Ha Erjia 73 '), 6 - Lucio, 26 - Chivu / 4 - Javier Zanetti, 19 - Esteban Cambiasso, 8 - Motta / 5 - Stankovic, 10 - Sneijder / 9 - Samuel Eto'o
Bayern Lineup (4-2-3-1): 35 - Craft / 21 - Ram, 28 - Bud Stewart Bell, 44 - Season Molash Cukor, 23 - Planic (2 - Brenau 38 ') / 30 - Gustavo, 31 - Schweinsteiger / 7 - Franck Ribery, 10 - Arjen Robben, 25 - Mill / 33 - Gomez
Manchester United Away boring flat
Marseille
Beijing at 3:45 on February 24, 2010/11 UEFA Champions League 1 / 8 to start the first leg of the final battle. Wyndham golf course home sits Verona Marseille 0-0 goalless draw with Manchester United, Marseille 5 consecutive zero seal Champions League opponents Manchester United team returned to produce the first race of the season 4 quiz. Am Beijing time on March 16, Old Trafford Manchester United team returned home with Marseille for the second leg competition.
the game is the second club after 1999, the first two 3 battle, both sides had in their home a goal margin of victory. But do not fear for Manchester United in terms of French clubs, play against the Red Devils as 24 times before, but only 2 games losing battle, since November 2005 after nearly five times the face when the French club defeated Manchester United wins, 2 and 3 only lost one ball. The campaign, Marseille striker Gignac absence due to groin injury, but Remy, Brandao have passed health checks kick starter; Manchester United side, Ryan Giggs, Rio Ferdinand, Park, Evans, Anderson and Owen are all due to battle injury-free license to hang out, guarding the defensive partner Nemanja Vidic and Si Malin Road, Gibson was allowed to enter the starting lineup.
game early part of the first half, Patrice Evra will be greeted with at least one ball boos. Opening less than 1 minute, then Ayub left-wing cross & retracement of Remy hit the door barely played both high and biased. 3 minutes, Dimitar Berbatov to do cross Road, Nani hit the door on the right to exert the same poor results. 9 minutes, Nani on the right wall of any pop-up ball, the ball homeopathic Fletcher Road projectiles Earth, Man Danda Cepu block and then a ball confiscated. The first 20 minutes, the Manchester United team in the ball and have a slight advantage on the scene.
too many mistakes in the midfield pass the ball, attack on Manchester United in little improvement over time, Ferguson and even got up and stood on the sidelines supervise operations. 29 minutes, Heinze pass, Brandao unload the ball in the chest closure Vidic undercut the case of less than Edwin van der Sar shot was confiscated. 41 minutes, Ayub direct rotation to the right corner near the goal angle, the ball Puxia Edwin van der Sar. 44 minutes, Kabo Lei external long-range is gone. The first half game, Marseille and Manchester United maintain the level into halftime 0-0.
49 minutes, Vidic was Brandao elbow injury not affect the good news will continue to face combat. Not open as late scene, Bar Mo Ena and Paul Scholes are beginning to warm up in the sidelines. 53 minutes, Luqiao - Gonzalez with a cross, Brandao header Qiangdian ball won by Edwin van der Sar. 60 minutes, Rooney arc in the circle to get long distance lob by Man Danda. Immediately, Remy shot the ball straight after the break after blocking pop-up bottom line by Nemanja Vidic. Immediately, Ayub shot inside the restricted area arc is gone.
62 minutes, Ayub volley missed the left side of the restricted area, a remote Brandao failed to form a half a step slow blank range. 69 minutes, John O'Shea on the right biography, deliberately given a statement Nani, Berbatov retracement Diawara shot was blocked. Immediately, Marseille took the lead substitutions adjusted Xielu were sent appearance. Shortly later, Gibson was a poor performance Scholes replaced. 74 minutes, Dimitar Berbatov hit the high right-foot strike from outside the area. 5 minutes later, Barr will play a decent force Remy Aisne removed. But still no good after the offensive opportunities for both sides. Finally, Marseille ended goalless draw with Manchester United 0-0.
Wednesday, February 23, 2011
So you do not understand
Because you do not like me so you do not understand
I often see the significance of space
you just want to know your latest
because you do not like me so you do not understand
Why do I always message you think you
not at the moment but I've been thinking about you just now want to
most powerful
you want because you do not like me so you do not
I understand why so much information that you
for you all, even if it is time to get what
is meaningful for me because you do not like me
so
you do not understand what you are and who they're done for me is a kind of
tangled mess I would guess, random angry
What is the relationship even though we have not because you
so you do not like me do not understand your sentence
do not care why I care so much about
I do not care about my words
who care about you because you
so you do not like me do not know that I played in that sentence
you're busy! I do not disturb the heart of the tangled when the
so because they do not like me you do not know my cell phone which are maintained by the information you
not happy, looking at, not because it feels self-conscious giggle
around you What
self-comforting because you do not like me
So you do not know me hot and cold
you always let me be you do not consciously control
generally sweet, half sad
because you do not like me so you do not understand
Why do I often
gas
at you like a person
also gives him the power to hurt me because you do not like me
so you do not know I lost you in
Information days I am so frustrated
I am afraid to lose you this because you do not like me
so you feel alone and I do not think I was at all times
missing you because you do not like me
so you do not know how much you are important in my eyes and I know
in your eyes I was very small < br> because you do not like me so you do not know
QQ my head just for you man shiny
just for you people is stealth, or leave, possibly to someone else's head is lit up so I think it is worth
because you do not like me
so you will not focus on my space, what happens in schools
But you just look at the
accidentally open to all with you all a relationship
all I feel for you to see
both excited and nervous because you do not like me so you do not
I understand
QQ signature, the school state only one person to change for you, I feel
always just write you a person to see
because you do not like me
so you do not know < br> In love with someone you insist
I also insisted when I insisted
been waiting for you here because you do not like me so you do not know
I waiting for your concern but when I closed
the heart
because you do not like me so you do not understand
your every move is for me the baton
command of my mood and life
you do not concern me
not care about me do not even know I've been quiet dedication
because you always do not know hh
love you, and your business
I often see the significance of space
you just want to know your latest
because you do not like me so you do not understand
Why do I always message you think you
not at the moment but I've been thinking about you just now want to
most powerful
you want because you do not like me so you do not
I understand why so much information that you
for you all, even if it is time to get what
is meaningful for me because you do not like me
so
you do not understand what you are and who they're done for me is a kind of
tangled mess I would guess, random angry
What is the relationship even though we have not because you
so you do not like me do not understand your sentence
do not care why I care so much about
I do not care about my words
who care about you because you
so you do not like me do not know that I played in that sentence
you're busy! I do not disturb the heart of the tangled when the
so because they do not like me you do not know my cell phone which are maintained by the information you
not happy, looking at, not because it feels self-conscious giggle
around you What
self-comforting because you do not like me
So you do not know me hot and cold
you always let me be you do not consciously control
generally sweet, half sad
because you do not like me so you do not understand
Why do I often
gas
at you like a person
also gives him the power to hurt me because you do not like me
so you do not know I lost you in
Information days I am so frustrated
I am afraid to lose you this because you do not like me
so you feel alone and I do not think I was at all times
missing you because you do not like me
so you do not know how much you are important in my eyes and I know
in your eyes I was very small < br> because you do not like me so you do not know
QQ my head just for you man shiny
just for you people is stealth, or leave, possibly to someone else's head is lit up so I think it is worth
because you do not like me
so you will not focus on my space, what happens in schools
But you just look at the
accidentally open to all with you all a relationship
all I feel for you to see
both excited and nervous because you do not like me so you do not
I understand
QQ signature, the school state only one person to change for you, I feel
always just write you a person to see
because you do not like me
so you do not know < br> In love with someone you insist
I also insisted when I insisted
been waiting for you here because you do not like me so you do not know
I waiting for your concern but when I closed
the heart
because you do not like me so you do not understand
your every move is for me the baton
command of my mood and life
you do not concern me
not care about me do not even know I've been quiet dedication
because you always do not know hh
love you, and your business
Tuesday, February 22, 2011
Luneng the kickball field training as a gift to stay in Spain has not
Although the end of the zipper
Spain, but the pace of the AFC Champions prepare Luneng not stop. In order to run the team, 25 February Luneng Taishan team will meet with a school team battles.
Club and executive vice president, general manager of Sun Guoyu Han Gongzheng special afternoon to give the owner of Marbella Anderson Creek Soccer Center bid farewell to the club area specially prepared Kickball, shirt and scarf as a souvenir gift. Rick Anderson received a gift of special excitement, after learning that kickball is the world's first football, he put it down on the kickball, the most prominent position. When summing up the zipper, Spain, Han Gongzheng said: move, even if a failure, it is gain. We will be back to Jinan, the game, running the team's lineup. to Jinan. Min Zhao said, according to team leader, the team will leave for two days, re-focus upon the 25 school teams with the Luneng enough warm-up match. According to the plan, the team will be Feb. 27 to move into South Korea in preparation for March 2 with all the modern AFC North opener. (Correspondent Zi Yan)
Spain, but the pace of the AFC Champions prepare Luneng not stop. In order to run the team, 25 February Luneng Taishan team will meet with a school team battles.
Club and executive vice president, general manager of Sun Guoyu Han Gongzheng special afternoon to give the owner of Marbella Anderson Creek Soccer Center bid farewell to the club area specially prepared Kickball, shirt and scarf as a souvenir gift. Rick Anderson received a gift of special excitement, after learning that kickball is the world's first football, he put it down on the kickball, the most prominent position. When summing up the zipper, Spain, Han Gongzheng said: move, even if a failure, it is gain. We will be back to Jinan, the game, running the team's lineup. to Jinan. Min Zhao said, according to team leader, the team will leave for two days, re-focus upon the 25 school teams with the Luneng enough warm-up match. According to the plan, the team will be Feb. 27 to move into South Korea in preparation for March 2 with all the modern AFC North opener. (Correspondent Zi Yan)
Monday, February 21, 2011
Celebrate the Double Ninth Festival
Heping District, diabolo dance to celebrate the elderly drums and gongs, great excitement. Peace Celebration Tianjin to establish the future of the lunar year to the municipal early September 9, Double Ninth Festival Welcome the Olympic excitement.
Taijiquan the diabolo this traditional folk art of ancient China to an extreme, fighting out of a variety of tricks, won warm applause from the presence of old friends. Tibetan Dance reached middle age, but they are from the costumes to the hair of a Tibetan brings exotic, dancing and moving them to the audience are impressed.
older viewers watch the performances
seriously Xiaobailou Street should select the old ballroom dance performances, dancers aged passion of dance accompanied by dynamic light and lively rhythm, they also ignited the presence of all audiences. exhibitions and activities are once again to a climax. stadium packed, the audience base are residents of a zone of peace in all communities, they are mostly the older elderly. one brilliant show, a bundle of superb performances, and always win the audience's warm applause and cheers. old people are here early for their festival. hands kept waving light sticks, mouth curved upward tilt has. A Zhangzhang Ci Xiang, happy faces merged into a stadium a sea of joy.
gathered to celebrate the peace of the Old People . The cultural events designed to celebrate the 18th Tianjin and the elderly physical fitness, demonstrate a zone of peace old team spirit and lively, reflecting the peace of the Old People Welcome the Olympic excitement.
dynamic performances of older social dance performances
universities for the elderly in a peaceful area performing . enthusiastic applause. Tibetan Dance touched the audience.
older viewers watch the performances carefully select in the elderly
Xiaobailou Street, ballroom dancing performances, dancers aged passion of dance accompanied by dynamic light and lively rhythm, they also lit the presence of all audiences. exhibitions and activities are once again to a climax. stadium packed, the audience are basically a zone of peace in all community residents, they are mostly the older elderly. one brilliant show, a bundle of skills performance, always win the audience's warm applause and cheers. old people here have had their own festival in advance. hands kept waving light sticks, mouth curved upward tilt has. A Zhangzhang Ci Xiang, happy smile Meeting into the stadium a sea of joy.
Taijiquan the diabolo this traditional folk art of ancient China to an extreme, fighting out of a variety of tricks, won warm applause from the presence of old friends. Tibetan Dance reached middle age, but they are from the costumes to the hair of a Tibetan brings exotic, dancing and moving them to the audience are impressed.
older viewers watch the performances
seriously Xiaobailou Street should select the old ballroom dance performances, dancers aged passion of dance accompanied by dynamic light and lively rhythm, they also ignited the presence of all audiences. exhibitions and activities are once again to a climax. stadium packed, the audience base are residents of a zone of peace in all communities, they are mostly the older elderly. one brilliant show, a bundle of superb performances, and always win the audience's warm applause and cheers. old people are here early for their festival. hands kept waving light sticks, mouth curved upward tilt has. A Zhangzhang Ci Xiang, happy faces merged into a stadium a sea of joy.
gathered to celebrate the peace of the Old People . The cultural events designed to celebrate the 18th Tianjin and the elderly physical fitness, demonstrate a zone of peace old team spirit and lively, reflecting the peace of the Old People Welcome the Olympic excitement.
dynamic performances of older social dance performances
universities for the elderly in a peaceful area performing . enthusiastic applause. Tibetan Dance touched the audience.
older viewers watch the performances carefully select in the elderly
Xiaobailou Street, ballroom dancing performances, dancers aged passion of dance accompanied by dynamic light and lively rhythm, they also lit the presence of all audiences. exhibitions and activities are once again to a climax. stadium packed, the audience are basically a zone of peace in all community residents, they are mostly the older elderly. one brilliant show, a bundle of skills performance, always win the audience's warm applause and cheers. old people here have had their own festival in advance. hands kept waving light sticks, mouth curved upward tilt has. A Zhangzhang Ci Xiang, happy smile Meeting into the stadium a sea of joy.
Sunday, February 20, 2011
Ten rustic decoration essential element
Logs: the basic elements of garden style, but also the material of choice . old antique tiles: modern imitations of natural stone, the surface has a rough texture, not bright, not bright, unpretentious. Construction to gaps remain, specifically showing the seams of the earth, feel the natural slate Aging . : rough stone is made from natural, to ax blade cutting. It is the designer of natural simplicity in the eyes of love, fireplace, baseboard, which are indispensable as it . Iron: This is a rustic materials, the wizard, or flowers, or vines, or Smart, or entangled . spend so formwork made of wrought iron beds, wrought iron and wood furniture products, a combination of all kinds, so that more rural nature of . style shutters and doors: louver doors and windows usually do arched white or wood color, louver doors in addition to the function as an ordinary door, you can use as a cut off . wallpaper: brick pattern, floral, vines, with the ever-changing patterns as real wallpaper, to the pale The walls bring endless vitality. affixed to the wall flower pattern, has become the background . idyllic painting: painted furniture or hand-painted landscapes on the walls, ladies, flowers, abstract words symbols, patterns, combined with old paint finishes do or cracking paint, to create a whole home or country folk classical romantic style . suit fabric: cotton, hemp fabric products, natural texture just does not matter with the country style fit with the pursuit of carving, and birds, of fish and other patterns reflect the fabric is more rural characteristics. material on the cotton is the main character, color on the color no longer popular, a variety of complex flowering plants, small animals live exotic patterns and vivid colors of the more popular . cane fabric: natural temperament, soft, tough rattan tables and chairs, lockers and other simple and practical furniture, displaying the most essential femininity , so that pastoral style blowing. fragrant flowers: the plant less than men for pastoral style, style, best to choose baby's breath, lavender, fragrant roses and other fragrant plants are decorated atmosphere. At the same time some of the dried petals and spices interspersed in a transparent glass bottles or even in ancient pottery, but also some of the species along the wall outside the window Climbing plants, adding bucolic .
Thursday, February 17, 2011
Resolution mechanism for multi-threaded Java
First, the difference between the application process
process (Process) was originally defined in the Unix and other multi-user, multitasking operating system environment that the application for the environment in memory, the concept of the basic execution unit. The Unix operating system cases, the process is the Unix operating system, basic components of the environment is the basic unit of resource allocation system. Unix operating system, almost all users complete control and resource allocation of work operating system through the control of the application process to achieve .
C, C + +, Java and other languages source code written by the appropriate compiler to compile into an executable file, submitted to the computer processor is running. Then, in a state of the application executable is called process. From a user perspective, the process is an application execution. From the perspective of the operating system kernel, the process represents the operating system allocates memory, CPU time slice and other resources, the basic unit is to provide a running program operating environment. the difference between the application process is the application as a static file stored on the computer system's hard disk and other storage space, and the process is in the dynamic conditions of system maintenance by the operating system resource management entity. multi-tasking environment applications The main features of the process procedures, including:
in the course of the process of memory cells in the initial entry points, and the process has survived the process with separate memory address space;
state lifetime of the process, including creation, in place running, blocking and death, and other types;
from the application process in the course of operating instructions issued to the CPU in different forms, the state of the process can be divided into user mode and kernel mode. in a user mode process running under application instructions, the core state in the application process are running operating system commands.
in the Unix operating system boot process, the system automatically creates a swapper, init and other system processes, for the management of memory resources, and user processes scheduling. In the Unix environment, whether it is a process created by the operating system but also by the application of the process of creating, all have a unique process ID (PID).
Second, the process and the difference between Java threads
in the course of the application there is a memory address of the initial entry points, a program code execution in the implementation process used to identify the end of the process sequence and exit points of the memory address, the process of the implementation process in each time point were The only processor instructions and memory unit address that corresponds to.
Java language-defined thread (Thread) also includes a memory entry point address, one exit point address and the ability to order the implementation of the code sequence. but the process and thread important difference is that threads can not be separately, it must run in the active application process, so you can define within the program's thread is the order of concurrent code .
Unix operating system and Microsoft Windows operating system support multi-user, multi-process concurrent execution, and Java language support within the application process concurrent execution of multiple execution threads. the significance of multi-threaded application is a logical unit can be concurrently executed. but does not mean multi-threading the number of user processes deep into the light out in the
Java Design Patterns Iterator mode (Figure)
implementation, the operating system is not independent of each thread as a separate process to allocate system resources. the process can Create the child process, child process with parent process has a different executable code and data memory space. and in the process of application is used to represent multiple threads to share data in the memory space, but maintain the execution of each thread stack and independent program execution context (Context).
distinction based on the above, the thread is also called lightweight processes (Light Weight Process, LWP). different tasks between threads to allow collaboration and data exchange, making the computer system resource consumption is very low.
thread needs the support of the operating system, not all types of computer support multithreaded applications. Java programming language to support the threads together with the language runtime environment provides the ability to multi-task concurrent execution. This is like the novel a person in the household chores in the process, the clothes into the washing machine will automatically wash the rice in the rice cooker on and start cooking. and so do the dishes, rice cooked, washed clothes at the same time good.
Note: in applications using multiple threads does not increase the CPU's data processing capabilities. only in the multi-CPU computer or network computing architecture, the Java program into multiple concurrent execution threads, the same start multiple threads running, so that different threads running on different processors, Java virtual machine, in order to improve the efficiency of the application.
In addition, if the application must wait for the network connection or database connections and other data throughput speeds are relatively slow resources, multi-threaded applications is very beneficial. Internet-based applications need to be multi-threaded type, for example, when a large number of clients to support the development of server-side application, the application can create as many thread form to respond to a client connection request, so that each connected user exclusively a client connection thread. so that the user feels the user's own server only for the connection service, thereby reducing the response time of the client server.
process (Process) was originally defined in the Unix and other multi-user, multitasking operating system environment that the application for the environment in memory, the concept of the basic execution unit. The Unix operating system cases, the process is the Unix operating system, basic components of the environment is the basic unit of resource allocation system. Unix operating system, almost all users complete control and resource allocation of work operating system through the control of the application process to achieve .
C, C + +, Java and other languages source code written by the appropriate compiler to compile into an executable file, submitted to the computer processor is running. Then, in a state of the application executable is called process. From a user perspective, the process is an application execution. From the perspective of the operating system kernel, the process represents the operating system allocates memory, CPU time slice and other resources, the basic unit is to provide a running program operating environment. the difference between the application process is the application as a static file stored on the computer system's hard disk and other storage space, and the process is in the dynamic conditions of system maintenance by the operating system resource management entity. multi-tasking environment applications The main features of the process procedures, including:
in the course of the process of memory cells in the initial entry points, and the process has survived the process with separate memory address space;
state lifetime of the process, including creation, in place running, blocking and death, and other types;
from the application process in the course of operating instructions issued to the CPU in different forms, the state of the process can be divided into user mode and kernel mode. in a user mode process running under application instructions, the core state in the application process are running operating system commands.
in the Unix operating system boot process, the system automatically creates a swapper, init and other system processes, for the management of memory resources, and user processes scheduling. In the Unix environment, whether it is a process created by the operating system but also by the application of the process of creating, all have a unique process ID (PID).
Second, the process and the difference between Java threads
in the course of the application there is a memory address of the initial entry points, a program code execution in the implementation process used to identify the end of the process sequence and exit points of the memory address, the process of the implementation process in each time point were The only processor instructions and memory unit address that corresponds to.
Java language-defined thread (Thread) also includes a memory entry point address, one exit point address and the ability to order the implementation of the code sequence. but the process and thread important difference is that threads can not be separately, it must run in the active application process, so you can define within the program's thread is the order of concurrent code .
Unix operating system and Microsoft Windows operating system support multi-user, multi-process concurrent execution, and Java language support within the application process concurrent execution of multiple execution threads. the significance of multi-threaded application is a logical unit can be concurrently executed. but does not mean multi-threading the number of user processes deep into the light out in the
Java Design Patterns Iterator mode (Figure)
implementation, the operating system is not independent of each thread as a separate process to allocate system resources. the process can Create the child process, child process with parent process has a different executable code and data memory space. and in the process of application is used to represent multiple threads to share data in the memory space, but maintain the execution of each thread stack and independent program execution context (Context).
distinction based on the above, the thread is also called lightweight processes (Light Weight Process, LWP). different tasks between threads to allow collaboration and data exchange, making the computer system resource consumption is very low.
thread needs the support of the operating system, not all types of computer support multithreaded applications. Java programming language to support the threads together with the language runtime environment provides the ability to multi-task concurrent execution. This is like the novel a person in the household chores in the process, the clothes into the washing machine will automatically wash the rice in the rice cooker on and start cooking. and so do the dishes, rice cooked, washed clothes at the same time good.
Note: in applications using multiple threads does not increase the CPU's data processing capabilities. only in the multi-CPU computer or network computing architecture, the Java program into multiple concurrent execution threads, the same start multiple threads running, so that different threads running on different processors, Java virtual machine, in order to improve the efficiency of the application.
In addition, if the application must wait for the network connection or database connections and other data throughput speeds are relatively slow resources, multi-threaded applications is very beneficial. Internet-based applications need to be multi-threaded type, for example, when a large number of clients to support the development of server-side application, the application can create as many thread form to respond to a client connection request, so that each connected user exclusively a client connection thread. so that the user feels the user's own server only for the connection service, thereby reducing the response time of the client server.
Wednesday, February 16, 2011
Barber in mind
Barber in mind (by the second year of high school)
studying abroad, the time is quite tight, no time for the head of the ; Peking Man , barber to have.
entered the barber shop, there will be a Miss (sin, sin, and now the specific location of facial features, hair tangled, like a broken flower basket compiled. no greetings, I sat down, she ordered some shampoo on my head, out of a pair of chicken claw in the head on my start up.
I thought girls always delicate and exquisite and considerate, but now I change my hair hard-hearted view of the world, her real estate broker (what real estate broker, is simply paws) where I itch not arrested, where death does not itch grasp, the more itchy my head so much noise, become more painful, I was trying to sail to her reporting the truth, and fear about her tremor to a stroke, Tolerance silent.
torture is completed, start a haircut, and I breathed, ready to ease into battle meditation with eyes closed. salon when TV came a Jeff Chang's listen to others, where girls scream, where there is Jeff Chang. This statement is true, the eldest with a screaming pitch hum this song: I never want to see you hanging around late at night, do not another woman is willing to monitor your Yingwei, Airuchaoshui, will you and me ...... I had no complaints, and Jeff Chang Wu Chou, dereliction of duty but because of the barber, his eyes staring at my hair down without peer Zhang the little white face faith philosophy, which led me frightened for fear that she accidentally electric clippers to my head to dig a piece of peel, then secretly cursing Jeff Chang: The Simon singing voice what chaos, what Airuchaoshui, love like saliva ! hardly managed to finish shaving head, hurried to pay, get away from this dangerous place.
the way home, my thoughts flying, our ape ancestors is body hair, if not evolutionary faded, and now we must not only barber, also shaving face, shaved chest, shaved legs, shaved ass, we can see that the more senior, worry less wire, and perhaps one day, everyone is bald, that barber shops to have to close up shop.
studying abroad, the time is quite tight, no time for the head of the ; Peking Man , barber to have.
entered the barber shop, there will be a Miss (sin, sin, and now the specific location of facial features, hair tangled, like a broken flower basket compiled. no greetings, I sat down, she ordered some shampoo on my head, out of a pair of chicken claw in the head on my start up.
I thought girls always delicate and exquisite and considerate, but now I change my hair hard-hearted view of the world, her real estate broker (what real estate broker, is simply paws) where I itch not arrested, where death does not itch grasp, the more itchy my head so much noise, become more painful, I was trying to sail to her reporting the truth, and fear about her tremor to a stroke, Tolerance silent.
torture is completed, start a haircut, and I breathed, ready to ease into battle meditation with eyes closed. salon when TV came a Jeff Chang's listen to others, where girls scream, where there is Jeff Chang. This statement is true, the eldest with a screaming pitch hum this song: I never want to see you hanging around late at night, do not another woman is willing to monitor your Yingwei, Airuchaoshui, will you and me ...... I had no complaints, and Jeff Chang Wu Chou, dereliction of duty but because of the barber, his eyes staring at my hair down without peer Zhang the little white face faith philosophy, which led me frightened for fear that she accidentally electric clippers to my head to dig a piece of peel, then secretly cursing Jeff Chang: The Simon singing voice what chaos, what Airuchaoshui, love like saliva ! hardly managed to finish shaving head, hurried to pay, get away from this dangerous place.
the way home, my thoughts flying, our ape ancestors is body hair, if not evolutionary faded, and now we must not only barber, also shaving face, shaved chest, shaved legs, shaved ass, we can see that the more senior, worry less wire, and perhaps one day, everyone is bald, that barber shops to have to close up shop.
Tuesday, February 15, 2011
Usefulness vest
Speaking of vests, the total I can not help laughing.
Not involved in the network when the network have heard, mostly negative. That an infinite network and the Devil, it is to accidentally fall into the trap, so the network will arm's length. Later, the unit installed network, I eat by the computer, free time to stroll the Internet.
in some forums, people learn to describe some of the text and paste it up. In order to prevent other people know who I am not even a joke, they wear vests. Over time, some traces on the exposed vest. so he replaced. in exchange for going their own can not help but laugh.
later found that there is a greater vest use, that is, can be used to curse. in a mixed forum a long time, everyone knows who is who, even if wearing vests. So, you sometimes could not understand things, I am sorry vest with the familiar protests, so he renewed a vest.
want network also very interesting. in real life, people are using real names, do false things, and the network, people used to do the real thing vest.
Not involved in the network when the network have heard, mostly negative. That an infinite network and the Devil, it is to accidentally fall into the trap, so the network will arm's length. Later, the unit installed network, I eat by the computer, free time to stroll the Internet.
in some forums, people learn to describe some of the text and paste it up. In order to prevent other people know who I am not even a joke, they wear vests. Over time, some traces on the exposed vest. so he replaced. in exchange for going their own can not help but laugh.
later found that there is a greater vest use, that is, can be used to curse. in a mixed forum a long time, everyone knows who is who, even if wearing vests. So, you sometimes could not understand things, I am sorry vest with the familiar protests, so he renewed a vest.
want network also very interesting. in real life, people are using real names, do false things, and the network, people used to do the real thing vest.
Monday, February 14, 2011
Meet friends in the virtual world
Long time no one add my QQ, and today all of a sudden a friend to add me, I feel very fresh to see additional message that he is a school with me, look at is the alumni's sake, I readily accepted his application.
quite mysterious man, asked him why he knew my QQ number, and he also knew that I was a school, his answer was strange, he claimed that he is of hackers! Oh ~ just listen hackers , wanted a good talk to him, but he was getting slower and slower response speed, and asked him why? he said looking at He later said that I simple do not come out even heard a joke, although a little embarrassed, but more of a feeling of being teased! Open Han bad joke jokes, then we no longer have a dialogue! I am not a stingy ghosts, but with such boring people, I do not it generous!
said QQ chat, at first, I am conservative, I remember a TV series called such a requirement is also his own, so my friends there are students QQ with friends, add me to any stranger, I Yigai turn a blind eye or just simply refuse him again!
but I'm not willing to status quo, I do not want Age is false, or false identity, in the end, talk of Diukuiqijia, ridiculous!
I am not a casual girl, who naturally do not like to make the simple casually just to chat and chat friends, I submitted is the heart, so I like to get to know the real deal close friends! users to get to know later, as long as I do not like the kind of people, flew into the there are a lot of my close friends, they are all from north and south of the country, and occasionally on the line and talk about each other's situation, to talk about the heart of Han's very happy!
I hope I should not have added such people as today's me, bored with the absent-minded people to chat; joke with people who love to chat to open the yellow boring; talk to the person with the fraud is more boring! so it Come on, after these people leave me alone!
quite mysterious man, asked him why he knew my QQ number, and he also knew that I was a school, his answer was strange, he claimed that he is of hackers! Oh ~ just listen hackers , wanted a good talk to him, but he was getting slower and slower response speed, and asked him why? he said looking at He later said that I simple do not come out even heard a joke, although a little embarrassed, but more of a feeling of being teased! Open Han bad joke jokes, then we no longer have a dialogue! I am not a stingy ghosts, but with such boring people, I do not it generous!
said QQ chat, at first, I am conservative, I remember a TV series called such a requirement is also his own, so my friends there are students QQ with friends, add me to any stranger, I Yigai turn a blind eye or just simply refuse him again!
but I'm not willing to status quo, I do not want Age is false, or false identity, in the end, talk of Diukuiqijia, ridiculous!
I am not a casual girl, who naturally do not like to make the simple casually just to chat and chat friends, I submitted is the heart, so I like to get to know the real deal close friends! users to get to know later, as long as I do not like the kind of people, flew into the there are a lot of my close friends, they are all from north and south of the country, and occasionally on the line and talk about each other's situation, to talk about the heart of Han's very happy!
I hope I should not have added such people as today's me, bored with the absent-minded people to chat; joke with people who love to chat to open the yellow boring; talk to the person with the fraud is more boring! so it Come on, after these people leave me alone!
Sunday, February 13, 2011
Wanquan Business Garden, the whole floor for sale, 2200 level, 24 million, office renovation, contact Mr. Gu ...
Wanquan Business Garden, the whole floor for sale, 2200 level, 24 million, office renovation, contact Mr. Gu,
one can discuss the end of the article
Price Change Introduction: For a variety of voices talking about house prices , mostly filled with non-rational factors, or one-sided emphasis on the impact of a factor, or ulterior motives. This paper will affect the price of many real aspects of the trend described by the analysis to draw firm conclusions. < ;> The following eight factors were analyzed from the following
First, demographic factors <> Second, the deposit factor <> Third, the purchasing power of the factors <> Fourth, political factors <> V, hot money factor <> VI, the land factor <> seven, the role of the law of value <> eight, the confidence factor
<> First, demographic factors (the Doctrine of house need someone to carry, and if the population living below the house can provide the number of unused real estate will be formed; if the use value of the house can not be exercised, its true value will tend to zero. any reasonable person not to buy things of no value, in this case the price of the house of course, speak of, and return to its original appearance. <> departments have been in accordance with the maximum degree of the calculated: the peak of China's population up to 1.4 billion by 2020, then gradually speed up the large number of population decline, the net annual population reduction of more than ten million! This is equivalent to an annual reduction of a city like Beijing or Shanghai's population (the current 1.2-objective survey The fertility rate of 1.3 terms). For decades, China will only hundreds of millions of people! In fact, this is only a static calculation in accordance with the figures obtained, taking into account the dynamic factors (such as the large and medium urban youth in general marriage After the extension, single, prices, amazing childcare costs, the severe employment situation, the intense social competition, and weak social security, to the reality of men and women and set up round after round of threshold, not to mention the second child, and even able to afford marriage knot, affordable housing have been a big problem. <> The current policy has resulted in the case of fertility will be: children will inherit an average of more than 2 sets of real estate, but also in the very near future. more worthless the total population in 15 years (including the floating population) will stabilize at around 1,600 million; another statistic, said: Beijing currently has registered 550 million units of housing (that was not nearly 20% of the total amount of house property), completed in Beijing in recent years and sales of residential annual average of 1500 million square meters, and this building would also like to get long; in accordance with the construction of such a speed, a few years, Beijing will be a large surplus of housing. Yanjiao, such as Hebei Zhuozhou neighboring region also joined the competition for the housing market in Beijing, only a Yanjiao called people! million square meters of which more than other stocks in the surrounding area abound. population no longer growing, but housing is a significant increase in the sustained, what prices will trend, I believe you can judge yourself, right? <> the above situation can also be proved by an angle from the following: <> The Ministry of Education statistics on the number of students. We know that the Chinese primary school enrollment rate is relatively high, generally above 98%. <>, a news report reported: the Ministry of Education announced the people, less than the 381.04 million the previous year. the number of primary schools over three years ago to reduce the more than 90,000 of the. <> The above is the news about the case of three-year period, we checked the past decade , a decrease of 22,700; enrollment 2524.66 million, a decrease of 7.15 million people. reduction of 17,200; enrollment 2462.04 million, a decrease of 62.62 million people. . Admission 2201.38 million, a decrease of 260.66 million people. people, a decrease of 171.85 million people. a decrease of 83.06 million people. reduce the 2.26 million people. , an increase of 8.59 million people, Total Primary 425,800, a decrease of 31,100; enrollment 1829.39 million, a decrease of 123.41 million people. Primary 394,200, a decrease of 31,700; enrollment 1747.01 million, a decrease of 82.38 million people. From the above data shows that primary school enrollment declined year by year over the past decade, since the primary school enrollment rate has not significantly reduced, it can be inferred that reduce the number of primary school enrollment in 2004, which means 1998 or the number of births in 1997 than reduction of the previous year; reduce the number of primary school enrollment in 2003, which means 1997 or 1996, the number of births decreased over the previous year, and so on. <> In general, the decline in the number of rural primary school enrollment is understandable because, as the development of urbanization, more and more farmers in the town married, their children may attend school in the city. But it is alarming that the number of primary school students are also many cities down! For example, in In 2005, pupils in the scale of Beijing, only about 75% in 2000. In recent years, Beijing has continued to merge schools. a serious surplus of primary school teachers. <> over the past decade, not only primary school enrollment declined year by year, and various statistical data show that total fertility rate of population decline year after year. For example, 1% in 1995, National Bureau of Statistics census shows the total fertility rate is only 1.46; the 1997 National sample survey of population and reproductive health is 1.35.
population Aging <> in Beijing, household population natural growth rate of 5 consecutive years of zero, this is the aging of the increasingly serious situation occurred. This Note: Beijing's population die each year than births, because Every year, tens of thousands of foreign students to settle down in Beijing and other new talents. and the new majority is not settled among the elderly. aging means: the number of people at some time will suddenly dropped, rapid population reduced. take a look around your life, is not widely available, and the proportion of very elderly people? interested can access the article on aging look to see how this will impact our country (since the founding of China's population had peak times). solely on the impact on the property from the point of view, enthusiasm for the elderly on the property inferior to other groups, passed away, leaving large empty house prices will cause dilution.
Floating Population <> Some people say that the floating population is very important to buy real estate force, the word was in the past yes, but to say that the future is still so biased. floating population can be divided into two main categories, are migrant workers, one is a certain knowledge and skills. We all know that workers in large cities is unlikely to buy a house, and now out in rural areas where people can basically come out, stay in the rural areas where basically belong to the less and less. In recent years, occurred all over the small towns, rather than flock to cities. <> The other has some knowledge and skills (young people as the main body), they will most likely become the main force of population growth in cities, but its size can not compared with a previous history. high above the house, itself is an obstacle impeding the flow of talent, which greatly improved the survival of stay in the big cities the cost and the threshold. Now more and more young people squeamish, . <> So, for the first-line cities, the population, insufficient number of long-term support for the continued development of a large number of real estate growth, house prices turned down in the short term necessity.
Second, the deposit factor (split If in accordance with the price of 1.2 yuan / square meter per year will consume completed 1,800 billion residential; if the country's real estate conservatively calculated by the equivalent of 32 Beijing, the annual new residential deposits will consume 57,600 residents billion, the figure, not 3 years, the National People's savings deposits will be nothing left! This is clearly not going to happen, because people have to remain part of the money for education, health care, pension and other large unexpected expenses and consumption. In addition, the diversion of the stock market has a large deposit hot. Even if all the people with mortgage loans to buy a house, even if the average annual per capita income increased 10%, even if house prices will not rise, the Chinese people of this overdraft in the large number of people purchasing power. Now ordinary people are only looked up at lofty prices, it is so far away, have not got a hand to pick; as Ren said, build a house for the rich. price of 13,754 yuan. If the purchase of 80 square meters of a house at this price to calculate the housing price is 110 million. the use of a bank mortgage loan to buy a house (loan Bacheng, 20 equal installments of principal and interest), according to the current loan interest rates , compared with 22 million down payment, repayment of 6644 yuan per month. If by 2008 will be implementation of the new loan rate, the monthly repayment of about 7,000 yuan. Clearly, the ordinary people even if the patchwork of hand in the down payment, still unable to pay monthly bank repayments. ordinary people since not, then the higher income (wealthy, upstart, biggest names, celebrities, entrepreneurs and other very small proportion of the community is temporarily dollars) do? in Beijing with a monthly income of 10,000 element can be regarded as well-paid wage earners, even if the income is so, even if not up in the current house prices have been the case, usually at least 5 years to prepare enough for the down payment, but we take into account also for the last month every month will become nearly penniless, and even become a real other ordinary people wait? accounted for the vast majority of social subjects have been not afford housing, the price has reached or exceeded the purchasing power of the mass limit, the so-called circumstances, even if there is more price earnings ratio. the so-called price earnings ratio is defined as housing prices and urban residents in the ratio of household income. in accordance with international management, the relatively prevailing view that the price earnings ratio of between 3 --- 6 times reasonable interval, such as the factors to consider housing loans, housing consumption accounts for the proportion of income should be below 30%. But, according to the survey, most of the country's price earnings ratio of first-tier cities in excess of 10. <> I know a Year value of billions of dollars of private owners, want to buy a set in Beijing, about 150 square meters of occupied property, but after seen a number of properties for sale in the face of high property prices have balked. business owner is still the case, more Moreover, ordinary income it! <> even come up with many years of poor parents who accumulated pension money to pay the down payment for the children, but the next question is: the children's income is also difficult to maintain for months, fathers were also loss of the material basis of enjoying their later years. stimulating important driving force for social and economic development - consumption, will become weak and fatigue, and long-term fatigue, because house prices have the potential power of this kind of power and emptied. Rates are serious to advance the purchasing power of people's future means that the housing market will face a long-term weakness. able to afford housing, and basically bought a house, and those who can not afford housing, according to the current price trend is still can not afford, unless the house began to cut prices; now buy a house, real estate accounted for the main body, rather than for self-occupied person. <> extremely high prices, bought a house for young people to carry heavy, not consumption, not quit, not business, not even a divorce ... ... all the young people into the house, a house for young people to put aside the personality, young golden period in their life had to work hard for the house Since then, no ideals, no longer have a future; house might go achievements of the elite and the genius, thus to ordinary and mediocre. <> prices are too high for the real needs of people living in the house, is a very real pain, the house is a tragic denial of their lives. Faced with this life was kidnapped, people will eventually return to reason, to stop thinking seriously.
Fourth, political factors
I believe, the author can think of is that our leaders can think of. housing issue has been raised to look at the political level, because it concerns the livelihood of people across the country related to social stability, the country's sustainable development. <> countries want the healthy development of real estate, I was so understood: in the housing issue, the countries do not want to price fluctuations in a short time, because it would be China's financial and economic impact of causing great and destruction, countries hope to house a smooth return to a reasonable level. countries in recent years the introduction of the previous regulation are relatively moderate, but does not mean that the government can tolerate the crazy house prices continue to go on. In fact, the Government has in hand is not without suppressing prices trump card, you can use many means, such as ordering developers to take land from 3 years from the date of completion and acceptance must be developed, or an unconditional end to recover the land undeveloped and heavier penalties (one for this one, if the Government's implementation in place, set down the prices!); levy property tax; cancel sale system; increase the proportion of mortgage interest rates and down payment loans; will include the issue of assessing local housing an important indicator of government officials, the implementation of number one responsibility; to strengthen the relevant government oversight and audit functions, and so on. <> Our financial system is still relatively weak, the state does not want to see the collapse of real estate and financial collapse, so by regulation to achieve a ideal. But the greedy developers and some local governments and relevant central government departments, regardless of the care and thought is, let the country become more complex and difficult to control. <> real estate industry plays a social role , is to gather the wealth of the middle class a few industries and a few hands, and increased wealth disparity, which is a very terrible thing! and thus to the central government has caused tremendous pressure to force the Government to gradually increase the strength of real estate regulation. <> a million new homes every turn, a new building to eliminate 100 million middle class families. the city's business elite dream of all walks of life have been spent in the house on the development of the industries lack of stamina, science and technology can not be the primary productive forces, science and technology behind a long time in the international arena will be beaten, no end of trouble, the government also had to adjust. <> must have positive righting a wrong, face the situation the seriousness of the central place is likely to take more stringent policies and instruments; This will allow developers to come early winter. <> Local Government in the whole chain of real estate development, as various types of taxes (including land) accounted for a large proportion of housing can be said to reduce the price on the local government has not a small as space. <> With the new phase in place of local government officials, local governments in the implementation of central policies efforts will be enhanced, the effect of regulation will become increasingly obvious. particularly in the current inflation situation is more serious cases, house prices continue upward and will certainly be severely suppressed. <> We believe that our party and Government represents the overwhelming majority of the people's fundamental interests, the state will introduce effective measures to safeguard its people. <> affordable housing has also been important parts of the government as the goal, ; Beijing will build 30 million square meters during the security room and limited to two rooms, which will in large part the impact of the current A prominent Beijing house prices. <> has been implemented a decade of prudent monetary policy ; mission accomplished 'strong''into''tight''send a strong policy signal. resulting from tight monetary policy, pointed out that next year will further the role of monetary policy in the important role of macro-control, strict control of monetary and credit aggregates and tempo. excess liquidity and price increases will be inhibited, prices will not be immune.
five hot money factor Since the people in the hands of the deposits
limited purchasing power of the weak, why the housing market has seen strong sales in recent years it? <> First, we see a substantial rise in real estate prices are mostly concentrated in big cities, it is because the cities more focused on quality resources. In the past, people are more willing to look into opportunities for large and medium cities, and the influx of population has enlarged the market, real estate speculators have created a hotbed of speculation. and small city and county where housing prices does not appear in the sharp rise in recent years, has long been up and down basically in the 2,000, mainly local people's purchasing power is limited, no one pushed up disk access, the housing market does not have the basis of fry, so the issue price in the medium and small cities and the county seat is not prominent. housing problem is that housing prices in cities problems. <> cities in the rich more, but if you only referred to above total deposits do rely on to fry the property market, then the property would not have been so crazy; as the stock market, as soaring property prices have a huge amount of money is needed to promote the. Well, so much did the money come from? <> Answer: In addition to the savings deposits of residents, there are hot money. <> first explain what is hot money: Money) funds. It is most characteristic of short-term, arbitrage and speculation. it relied, the late 90s of last century the international Southeast Asian country's financial system. <> When will the hot money flows into China? <> general international hot money flows to the two heat sources: <> 1. short-term interest rates are in the high band, or still higher < > 2. a short period of exchange rate ready to go, about the appreciation of <> as long as China to comply with these two elements, on the stream of hot money inflows. <> generally developing countries, the economy is taking off, the national income is growth, rising stock market pending, as long as compared with other countries to meet these elements, can attract hot money came in all directions. <> can be hot money have the least loyalty to speak of, they will stay until their own relative to his country: < ;> 1. short-term interest rates already retreated down <> 2. a short period of exchange rate pending Zoubian <> hot money will flow again. <> so-called hot money outflow, that is, the sale of domestic currency denominated assets, such as foreign ownership of stocks, bonds, speculative land, a large number of sold, and replaced with his country's currency, the Qingchao export. <> more than one into one, if time is short and the traffic flow, will cause domestic bond market housing City, burst from the first down! <> the case of China in recent years is in line with the conditions of international hot money inflows, reports that each year through underground banks, foreign trade and Camouflage, foreign investment and other means of hot money into China hundreds of billions of dollars! coupled with some unscrupulous officials of gray income, profit-driven private hot money involved, a few wealthy rigid demand and speculative needs, developers Terrestrial cover plate will be China's rapid push to the peak prices. Now, to buy Housing has become the rich of the game, so the high prices to speculation in the speculation to go between them. <>, but the nature of hot money, its short-term, and the appreciation of the RMB will not go infinite, once profitable or bearish expectations, hot money will flee quickly to the outside through various channels, China's large-scale collapse of the housing market will be followed there. At present, the hot money in China have been lucrative ShangXi room, in a down market before selling the property to avoid the risk that house prices will cause a chain avalanche.
six, land factors (the Doctrine of China's housing prices can not crash. developers do not say one billion square meters of land hoarding in the hands of developers, enough to supply the national market volume of 5 years of development. to Beijing, for example, in July of this year, the bureau released the data, from January 2004 to June of this year, Beijing residential projects supply area of 5,775 hectares of land, construction land area of 4206 hectares, planned construction area of 78,660,000 square meters. but 2 and a half years since the Beijing residential land supply of 712, has completed an area of 669 hectares of land, only 12% of the total The remaining majority of projects under construction or not yet started land. which has not yet started construction of 2,947 hectares of land, and in all places in the 712, has completed the development of only 74. If the land under construction and not built to common volume rate of 2 to form the case of residential, you can provide more than 115 million square meters of the house, not even counting the additional land supply each year. If the average by 80 sq m per suite, the existing idle Beijing 1.44 million of land to form residential units (do not forget this is only 3 years time, based on the supply of land). Recently, Beijing has also published the By 2010, Beijing's new total will reach 24,200 hectares of land supply. So, even if one half of the land into residential, will be another form of the house more than 240 million square meters, which means that after a few years and 300 million homes One can hope. the sum of the two, the house 10 years can form as many as 444 million! so many new houses that can accommodate tens of millions of people. In the Government actions are to follow each other. So, people want to buy a house need not rush, we can safely wait to see house prices falling day by day. <> What really is the unbreakable? population will be significantly reduced in the future to insist it still make sense? I prefer to believe that this is a short-term policy, it left the future of our great imagination. < > look at the history of residential development in developed countries, housing and living is an inevitable trend of suburbanization, people no longer crowded in the bustling city center, to the more low-density, more affordable, more comfortable, more fresh and healthy living environment to work and life, the city is no longer sought after huge house, house prices inevitably fall.
seven, the role of the law of value is always the law of value
work, and no market can only rise and not fall, implement in real estate is no exception.
look at the rental than <> so-called ratio. internationally to measure the running of a regional real estate for sale in good condition than the average rent is defined as 1:200 to 1:300. If the rental ratio is lower than 1:300, which means a relatively smaller value of real estate investment, real estate bubble has emerged; if higher than 1:200, indicating that this region is relatively large real estate investment potential, market outlook is good. rental higher than in either 1:200 or less than 1:300, are the real reason that real estate prices deviate from the real estate value. <> Now, Guangzhou, Shenzhen area rental 1:800 or even higher than has been achieved. For example, a 100 square meters of houses, purchase of capital investment to more than 2.4 million yuan, and the monthly rent was only 8000 to 10,000 yuan, which means at least 240-250 years to recover the cost to buy a house. in accordance with the ratio of 1:200 to 1:300 is expected rental, discounted annual rate of return of investment growth stage, approximately 4% to 6%. now up to 1:800 or even higher than rental, means that yield less than 4%, only 1% or 0.5%, the real estate as a long-term investment want to, that is, to the sights real estate funds into long-term gains, and this shows the yield of the property market has been very great risk. <> Beijing's situation? According to the latest data show that Beijing's housing prices and rents rapidly rising trend than the average sale rent ratio has reached 350 to 1, exceeding the internationally accepted warning line of 300 to 1. <> Market analysts believe that the price of rent is subject to a greater extent than the level of appreciation of the regional real estate force in itself, and prices The rise and their prices rise in the great asymmetry between the status quo, further raised the price of the rent ratio. If you do not consider the rapid growth of the housing market driven real estate appreciation, the present real estate has been in most of the region value deviation state. Everyone knows that there is a bubble, and are worried about missing the opportunity to earn high profits. It was like drumming mass flowers, flower afraid to take receipt of the final bar. drum pass to spend the game once stopped, then set will be worth the candle, or even loss heavy.
look at the vacancy rate of <> in accordance with international practice, the vacancy rate between 5% and 10% as a reasonable area in between 10% and 20% of the danger zone for the vacancy in more than 20% serious backlog of housing areas. According to statistics, second quarter of 2007, Beijing in the luxury residential market, the overall vacancy rate has reached 24.42%. <>, a real estate agent anonymity, the staff in the Sankei Shimbun Bridge, a nearby district, the house sold out long ago, but the evening was dark, not a few people live. the situation in Beijing is very common in many quarters. <> look at the house construction cost < > a senior construction project cost estimates have been divisions: Excluding the cost of land, the common cost per square meter of residential buildings not exceeding 1,000 yuan, even the sharp rise in prices of various raw materials, but because of its share price It is the proportion of low, very limited impact on housing prices; so raw material prices is not an important reason for soaring prices. Some research later said that, if with the international standards, cf Paris, Beijing and reasonable price is 2134 yuan, which Although a little laugh, but at least the price that we indeed have been profits can be used to rent, but also can increase their value. <> In the short term, people do buy a house a few years ago basically to achieve this purpose, but the long term, based on the above article a number of factors, real estate value and the rent must fall along the trend of relative decline, the market will be very optimistic about the future. In Beijing, 100 square meters of the house price can be is 160 million, but the rents are only up to 3600 yuan / month, that is, the rent is far far not worth the bank deposit interest, not to mention loans for the month. In the context of banks to raise interest rates, people can directly feel the price to buy a house. <> so the house can withstand is maintained inflation? prices into the downstream channel is about, even in the context of inflation, some of its surface to improve general merchandise rose, but not worth the rate, relatively speaking, or fall. That is, the house will become worthless, investment real estate has lost its significance as a hedge investment. <> for each medium-sized cities have a lot of people hold multiple sets of real estate, in order to ensure that the hands of the to cash, which will form a wave created in the near future a large number of housing supply, promoting housing ...
one can discuss the end of the article
Price Change Introduction: For a variety of voices talking about house prices , mostly filled with non-rational factors, or one-sided emphasis on the impact of a factor, or ulterior motives. This paper will affect the price of many real aspects of the trend described by the analysis to draw firm conclusions. < ;> The following eight factors were analyzed from the following
First, demographic factors <> Second, the deposit factor <> Third, the purchasing power of the factors <> Fourth, political factors <> V, hot money factor <> VI, the land factor <> seven, the role of the law of value <> eight, the confidence factor
<> First, demographic factors (the Doctrine of house need someone to carry, and if the population living below the house can provide the number of unused real estate will be formed; if the use value of the house can not be exercised, its true value will tend to zero. any reasonable person not to buy things of no value, in this case the price of the house of course, speak of, and return to its original appearance. <> departments have been in accordance with the maximum degree of the calculated: the peak of China's population up to 1.4 billion by 2020, then gradually speed up the large number of population decline, the net annual population reduction of more than ten million! This is equivalent to an annual reduction of a city like Beijing or Shanghai's population (the current 1.2-objective survey The fertility rate of 1.3 terms). For decades, China will only hundreds of millions of people! In fact, this is only a static calculation in accordance with the figures obtained, taking into account the dynamic factors (such as the large and medium urban youth in general marriage After the extension, single, prices, amazing childcare costs, the severe employment situation, the intense social competition, and weak social security, to the reality of men and women and set up round after round of threshold, not to mention the second child, and even able to afford marriage knot, affordable housing have been a big problem. <> The current policy has resulted in the case of fertility will be: children will inherit an average of more than 2 sets of real estate, but also in the very near future. more worthless the total population in 15 years (including the floating population) will stabilize at around 1,600 million; another statistic, said: Beijing currently has registered 550 million units of housing (that was not nearly 20% of the total amount of house property), completed in Beijing in recent years and sales of residential annual average of 1500 million square meters, and this building would also like to get long; in accordance with the construction of such a speed, a few years, Beijing will be a large surplus of housing. Yanjiao, such as Hebei Zhuozhou neighboring region also joined the competition for the housing market in Beijing, only a Yanjiao called people! million square meters of which more than other stocks in the surrounding area abound. population no longer growing, but housing is a significant increase in the sustained, what prices will trend, I believe you can judge yourself, right? <> the above situation can also be proved by an angle from the following: <> The Ministry of Education statistics on the number of students. We know that the Chinese primary school enrollment rate is relatively high, generally above 98%. <>, a news report reported: the Ministry of Education announced the people, less than the 381.04 million the previous year. the number of primary schools over three years ago to reduce the more than 90,000 of the. <> The above is the news about the case of three-year period, we checked the past decade , a decrease of 22,700; enrollment 2524.66 million, a decrease of 7.15 million people. reduction of 17,200; enrollment 2462.04 million, a decrease of 62.62 million people. . Admission 2201.38 million, a decrease of 260.66 million people. people, a decrease of 171.85 million people. a decrease of 83.06 million people. reduce the 2.26 million people. , an increase of 8.59 million people, Total Primary 425,800, a decrease of 31,100; enrollment 1829.39 million, a decrease of 123.41 million people. Primary 394,200, a decrease of 31,700; enrollment 1747.01 million, a decrease of 82.38 million people. From the above data shows that primary school enrollment declined year by year over the past decade, since the primary school enrollment rate has not significantly reduced, it can be inferred that reduce the number of primary school enrollment in 2004, which means 1998 or the number of births in 1997 than reduction of the previous year; reduce the number of primary school enrollment in 2003, which means 1997 or 1996, the number of births decreased over the previous year, and so on. <> In general, the decline in the number of rural primary school enrollment is understandable because, as the development of urbanization, more and more farmers in the town married, their children may attend school in the city. But it is alarming that the number of primary school students are also many cities down! For example, in In 2005, pupils in the scale of Beijing, only about 75% in 2000. In recent years, Beijing has continued to merge schools. a serious surplus of primary school teachers. <> over the past decade, not only primary school enrollment declined year by year, and various statistical data show that total fertility rate of population decline year after year. For example, 1% in 1995, National Bureau of Statistics census shows the total fertility rate is only 1.46; the 1997 National sample survey of population and reproductive health is 1.35.
population Aging <> in Beijing, household population natural growth rate of 5 consecutive years of zero, this is the aging of the increasingly serious situation occurred. This Note: Beijing's population die each year than births, because Every year, tens of thousands of foreign students to settle down in Beijing and other new talents. and the new majority is not settled among the elderly. aging means: the number of people at some time will suddenly dropped, rapid population reduced. take a look around your life, is not widely available, and the proportion of very elderly people? interested can access the article on aging look to see how this will impact our country (since the founding of China's population had peak times). solely on the impact on the property from the point of view, enthusiasm for the elderly on the property inferior to other groups, passed away, leaving large empty house prices will cause dilution.
Floating Population <> Some people say that the floating population is very important to buy real estate force, the word was in the past yes, but to say that the future is still so biased. floating population can be divided into two main categories, are migrant workers, one is a certain knowledge and skills. We all know that workers in large cities is unlikely to buy a house, and now out in rural areas where people can basically come out, stay in the rural areas where basically belong to the less and less. In recent years, occurred all over the small towns, rather than flock to cities. <> The other has some knowledge and skills (young people as the main body), they will most likely become the main force of population growth in cities, but its size can not compared with a previous history. high above the house, itself is an obstacle impeding the flow of talent, which greatly improved the survival of stay in the big cities the cost and the threshold. Now more and more young people squeamish, . <> So, for the first-line cities, the population, insufficient number of long-term support for the continued development of a large number of real estate growth, house prices turned down in the short term necessity.
Second, the deposit factor (split If in accordance with the price of 1.2 yuan / square meter per year will consume completed 1,800 billion residential; if the country's real estate conservatively calculated by the equivalent of 32 Beijing, the annual new residential deposits will consume 57,600 residents billion, the figure, not 3 years, the National People's savings deposits will be nothing left! This is clearly not going to happen, because people have to remain part of the money for education, health care, pension and other large unexpected expenses and consumption. In addition, the diversion of the stock market has a large deposit hot. Even if all the people with mortgage loans to buy a house, even if the average annual per capita income increased 10%, even if house prices will not rise, the Chinese people of this overdraft in the large number of people purchasing power. Now ordinary people are only looked up at lofty prices, it is so far away, have not got a hand to pick; as Ren said, build a house for the rich. price of 13,754 yuan. If the purchase of 80 square meters of a house at this price to calculate the housing price is 110 million. the use of a bank mortgage loan to buy a house (loan Bacheng, 20 equal installments of principal and interest), according to the current loan interest rates , compared with 22 million down payment, repayment of 6644 yuan per month. If by 2008 will be implementation of the new loan rate, the monthly repayment of about 7,000 yuan. Clearly, the ordinary people even if the patchwork of hand in the down payment, still unable to pay monthly bank repayments. ordinary people since not, then the higher income (wealthy, upstart, biggest names, celebrities, entrepreneurs and other very small proportion of the community is temporarily dollars) do? in Beijing with a monthly income of 10,000 element can be regarded as well-paid wage earners, even if the income is so, even if not up in the current house prices have been the case, usually at least 5 years to prepare enough for the down payment, but we take into account also for the last month every month will become nearly penniless, and even become a real other ordinary people wait? accounted for the vast majority of social subjects have been not afford housing, the price has reached or exceeded the purchasing power of the mass limit, the so-called circumstances, even if there is more price earnings ratio. the so-called price earnings ratio is defined as housing prices and urban residents in the ratio of household income. in accordance with international management, the relatively prevailing view that the price earnings ratio of between 3 --- 6 times reasonable interval, such as the factors to consider housing loans, housing consumption accounts for the proportion of income should be below 30%. But, according to the survey, most of the country's price earnings ratio of first-tier cities in excess of 10. <> I know a Year value of billions of dollars of private owners, want to buy a set in Beijing, about 150 square meters of occupied property, but after seen a number of properties for sale in the face of high property prices have balked. business owner is still the case, more Moreover, ordinary income it! <> even come up with many years of poor parents who accumulated pension money to pay the down payment for the children, but the next question is: the children's income is also difficult to maintain for months, fathers were also loss of the material basis of enjoying their later years. stimulating important driving force for social and economic development - consumption, will become weak and fatigue, and long-term fatigue, because house prices have the potential power of this kind of power and emptied. Rates are serious to advance the purchasing power of people's future means that the housing market will face a long-term weakness. able to afford housing, and basically bought a house, and those who can not afford housing, according to the current price trend is still can not afford, unless the house began to cut prices; now buy a house, real estate accounted for the main body, rather than for self-occupied person. <> extremely high prices, bought a house for young people to carry heavy, not consumption, not quit, not business, not even a divorce ... ... all the young people into the house, a house for young people to put aside the personality, young golden period in their life had to work hard for the house Since then, no ideals, no longer have a future; house might go achievements of the elite and the genius, thus to ordinary and mediocre. <> prices are too high for the real needs of people living in the house, is a very real pain, the house is a tragic denial of their lives. Faced with this life was kidnapped, people will eventually return to reason, to stop thinking seriously.
Fourth, political factors
I believe, the author can think of is that our leaders can think of. housing issue has been raised to look at the political level, because it concerns the livelihood of people across the country related to social stability, the country's sustainable development. <> countries want the healthy development of real estate, I was so understood: in the housing issue, the countries do not want to price fluctuations in a short time, because it would be China's financial and economic impact of causing great and destruction, countries hope to house a smooth return to a reasonable level. countries in recent years the introduction of the previous regulation are relatively moderate, but does not mean that the government can tolerate the crazy house prices continue to go on. In fact, the Government has in hand is not without suppressing prices trump card, you can use many means, such as ordering developers to take land from 3 years from the date of completion and acceptance must be developed, or an unconditional end to recover the land undeveloped and heavier penalties (one for this one, if the Government's implementation in place, set down the prices!); levy property tax; cancel sale system; increase the proportion of mortgage interest rates and down payment loans; will include the issue of assessing local housing an important indicator of government officials, the implementation of number one responsibility; to strengthen the relevant government oversight and audit functions, and so on. <> Our financial system is still relatively weak, the state does not want to see the collapse of real estate and financial collapse, so by regulation to achieve a ideal. But the greedy developers and some local governments and relevant central government departments, regardless of the care and thought is, let the country become more complex and difficult to control. <> real estate industry plays a social role , is to gather the wealth of the middle class a few industries and a few hands, and increased wealth disparity, which is a very terrible thing! and thus to the central government has caused tremendous pressure to force the Government to gradually increase the strength of real estate regulation. <> a million new homes every turn, a new building to eliminate 100 million middle class families. the city's business elite dream of all walks of life have been spent in the house on the development of the industries lack of stamina, science and technology can not be the primary productive forces, science and technology behind a long time in the international arena will be beaten, no end of trouble, the government also had to adjust. <> must have positive righting a wrong, face the situation the seriousness of the central place is likely to take more stringent policies and instruments; This will allow developers to come early winter. <> Local Government in the whole chain of real estate development, as various types of taxes (including land) accounted for a large proportion of housing can be said to reduce the price on the local government has not a small as space. <> With the new phase in place of local government officials, local governments in the implementation of central policies efforts will be enhanced, the effect of regulation will become increasingly obvious. particularly in the current inflation situation is more serious cases, house prices continue upward and will certainly be severely suppressed. <> We believe that our party and Government represents the overwhelming majority of the people's fundamental interests, the state will introduce effective measures to safeguard its people. <> affordable housing has also been important parts of the government as the goal, ; Beijing will build 30 million square meters during the security room and limited to two rooms, which will in large part the impact of the current A prominent Beijing house prices. <> has been implemented a decade of prudent monetary policy ; mission accomplished 'strong''into''tight''send a strong policy signal. resulting from tight monetary policy, pointed out that next year will further the role of monetary policy in the important role of macro-control, strict control of monetary and credit aggregates and tempo. excess liquidity and price increases will be inhibited, prices will not be immune.
five hot money factor Since the people in the hands of the deposits
limited purchasing power of the weak, why the housing market has seen strong sales in recent years it? <> First, we see a substantial rise in real estate prices are mostly concentrated in big cities, it is because the cities more focused on quality resources. In the past, people are more willing to look into opportunities for large and medium cities, and the influx of population has enlarged the market, real estate speculators have created a hotbed of speculation. and small city and county where housing prices does not appear in the sharp rise in recent years, has long been up and down basically in the 2,000, mainly local people's purchasing power is limited, no one pushed up disk access, the housing market does not have the basis of fry, so the issue price in the medium and small cities and the county seat is not prominent. housing problem is that housing prices in cities problems. <> cities in the rich more, but if you only referred to above total deposits do rely on to fry the property market, then the property would not have been so crazy; as the stock market, as soaring property prices have a huge amount of money is needed to promote the. Well, so much did the money come from? <> Answer: In addition to the savings deposits of residents, there are hot money. <> first explain what is hot money: Money) funds. It is most characteristic of short-term, arbitrage and speculation. it relied, the late 90s of last century the international Southeast Asian country's financial system. <> When will the hot money flows into China? <> general international hot money flows to the two heat sources: <> 1. short-term interest rates are in the high band, or still higher < > 2. a short period of exchange rate ready to go, about the appreciation of <> as long as China to comply with these two elements, on the stream of hot money inflows. <> generally developing countries, the economy is taking off, the national income is growth, rising stock market pending, as long as compared with other countries to meet these elements, can attract hot money came in all directions. <> can be hot money have the least loyalty to speak of, they will stay until their own relative to his country: < ;> 1. short-term interest rates already retreated down <> 2. a short period of exchange rate pending Zoubian <> hot money will flow again. <> so-called hot money outflow, that is, the sale of domestic currency denominated assets, such as foreign ownership of stocks, bonds, speculative land, a large number of sold, and replaced with his country's currency, the Qingchao export. <> more than one into one, if time is short and the traffic flow, will cause domestic bond market housing City, burst from the first down! <> the case of China in recent years is in line with the conditions of international hot money inflows, reports that each year through underground banks, foreign trade and Camouflage, foreign investment and other means of hot money into China hundreds of billions of dollars! coupled with some unscrupulous officials of gray income, profit-driven private hot money involved, a few wealthy rigid demand and speculative needs, developers Terrestrial cover plate will be China's rapid push to the peak prices. Now, to buy Housing has become the rich of the game, so the high prices to speculation in the speculation to go between them. <>, but the nature of hot money, its short-term, and the appreciation of the RMB will not go infinite, once profitable or bearish expectations, hot money will flee quickly to the outside through various channels, China's large-scale collapse of the housing market will be followed there. At present, the hot money in China have been lucrative ShangXi room, in a down market before selling the property to avoid the risk that house prices will cause a chain avalanche.
six, land factors (the Doctrine of China's housing prices can not crash. developers do not say one billion square meters of land hoarding in the hands of developers, enough to supply the national market volume of 5 years of development. to Beijing, for example, in July of this year, the bureau released the data, from January 2004 to June of this year, Beijing residential projects supply area of 5,775 hectares of land, construction land area of 4206 hectares, planned construction area of 78,660,000 square meters. but 2 and a half years since the Beijing residential land supply of 712, has completed an area of 669 hectares of land, only 12% of the total The remaining majority of projects under construction or not yet started land. which has not yet started construction of 2,947 hectares of land, and in all places in the 712, has completed the development of only 74. If the land under construction and not built to common volume rate of 2 to form the case of residential, you can provide more than 115 million square meters of the house, not even counting the additional land supply each year. If the average by 80 sq m per suite, the existing idle Beijing 1.44 million of land to form residential units (do not forget this is only 3 years time, based on the supply of land). Recently, Beijing has also published the By 2010, Beijing's new total will reach 24,200 hectares of land supply. So, even if one half of the land into residential, will be another form of the house more than 240 million square meters, which means that after a few years and 300 million homes One can hope. the sum of the two, the house 10 years can form as many as 444 million! so many new houses that can accommodate tens of millions of people. In the Government actions are to follow each other. So, people want to buy a house need not rush, we can safely wait to see house prices falling day by day. <> What really is the unbreakable? population will be significantly reduced in the future to insist it still make sense? I prefer to believe that this is a short-term policy, it left the future of our great imagination. < > look at the history of residential development in developed countries, housing and living is an inevitable trend of suburbanization, people no longer crowded in the bustling city center, to the more low-density, more affordable, more comfortable, more fresh and healthy living environment to work and life, the city is no longer sought after huge house, house prices inevitably fall.
seven, the role of the law of value is always the law of value
work, and no market can only rise and not fall, implement in real estate is no exception.
look at the rental than <> so-called ratio. internationally to measure the running of a regional real estate for sale in good condition than the average rent is defined as 1:200 to 1:300. If the rental ratio is lower than 1:300, which means a relatively smaller value of real estate investment, real estate bubble has emerged; if higher than 1:200, indicating that this region is relatively large real estate investment potential, market outlook is good. rental higher than in either 1:200 or less than 1:300, are the real reason that real estate prices deviate from the real estate value. <> Now, Guangzhou, Shenzhen area rental 1:800 or even higher than has been achieved. For example, a 100 square meters of houses, purchase of capital investment to more than 2.4 million yuan, and the monthly rent was only 8000 to 10,000 yuan, which means at least 240-250 years to recover the cost to buy a house. in accordance with the ratio of 1:200 to 1:300 is expected rental, discounted annual rate of return of investment growth stage, approximately 4% to 6%. now up to 1:800 or even higher than rental, means that yield less than 4%, only 1% or 0.5%, the real estate as a long-term investment want to, that is, to the sights real estate funds into long-term gains, and this shows the yield of the property market has been very great risk. <> Beijing's situation? According to the latest data show that Beijing's housing prices and rents rapidly rising trend than the average sale rent ratio has reached 350 to 1, exceeding the internationally accepted warning line of 300 to 1. <> Market analysts believe that the price of rent is subject to a greater extent than the level of appreciation of the regional real estate force in itself, and prices The rise and their prices rise in the great asymmetry between the status quo, further raised the price of the rent ratio. If you do not consider the rapid growth of the housing market driven real estate appreciation, the present real estate has been in most of the region value deviation state. Everyone knows that there is a bubble, and are worried about missing the opportunity to earn high profits. It was like drumming mass flowers, flower afraid to take receipt of the final bar. drum pass to spend the game once stopped, then set will be worth the candle, or even loss heavy.
look at the vacancy rate of <> in accordance with international practice, the vacancy rate between 5% and 10% as a reasonable area in between 10% and 20% of the danger zone for the vacancy in more than 20% serious backlog of housing areas. According to statistics, second quarter of 2007, Beijing in the luxury residential market, the overall vacancy rate has reached 24.42%. <>, a real estate agent anonymity, the staff in the Sankei Shimbun Bridge, a nearby district, the house sold out long ago, but the evening was dark, not a few people live. the situation in Beijing is very common in many quarters. <> look at the house construction cost < > a senior construction project cost estimates have been divisions: Excluding the cost of land, the common cost per square meter of residential buildings not exceeding 1,000 yuan, even the sharp rise in prices of various raw materials, but because of its share price It is the proportion of low, very limited impact on housing prices; so raw material prices is not an important reason for soaring prices. Some research later said that, if with the international standards, cf Paris, Beijing and reasonable price is 2134 yuan, which Although a little laugh, but at least the price that we indeed have been profits can be used to rent, but also can increase their value. <> In the short term, people do buy a house a few years ago basically to achieve this purpose, but the long term, based on the above article a number of factors, real estate value and the rent must fall along the trend of relative decline, the market will be very optimistic about the future. In Beijing, 100 square meters of the house price can be is 160 million, but the rents are only up to 3600 yuan / month, that is, the rent is far far not worth the bank deposit interest, not to mention loans for the month. In the context of banks to raise interest rates, people can directly feel the price to buy a house. <> so the house can withstand is maintained inflation? prices into the downstream channel is about, even in the context of inflation, some of its surface to improve general merchandise rose, but not worth the rate, relatively speaking, or fall. That is, the house will become worthless, investment real estate has lost its significance as a hedge investment. <> for each medium-sized cities have a lot of people hold multiple sets of real estate, in order to ensure that the hands of the to cash, which will form a wave created in the near future a large number of housing supply, promoting housing ...
Friday, February 11, 2011
Xinhua was the first day of the GEM Listing sensation experts warn not to blindly into the market
GEM was the first day of sensation in the stock market experts warn not to blindly
Source: Xinhua
2009 10 30 15:10
I Laishuoliangju (0)
Copy Link
Xinhua news medium and small medium and small medium and small markets awaited market finally listed on the GEM, the first group listed 28 companies. However, due to speculation by financial mania, 28 companies have been the Shenzhen Stock Exchange GEM temporary suspension, the Chinese stock market hit wonders. many investors confused, GEM was the first day of what exactly is the reason for such a stir that A shares will have any effect on the trend of the future, how should ordinary retail operations.
GEM stock index opened higher midday led back on board 3000 Xinhua News Agency reporter Li Jianshe
first batch of 28 companies on GEM Why was stir-fried?
! nearly 300%, Geeya technology is three times by suspension. Yenching University President Ben Wang Watson told reporters that the company was sensation in the GEM reflects two problems: first, the GEM enterprises have good prospects , the market for GEM companies with high expectations; second, 28 GEM companies over 50 times the average price-earnings ratio, the valuation of such pressure has been great, and continue to stir-fried the first day of listing, showing that China's wind of speculation is still very serious.
Malaysia Securities Industry Daily deputy editor, said we should not just from the motherboard market and even small board to come and go look at the GEM view, why Anke Biotechnology, Pathfinder, Huayi Brothers and so these shares rises so well, because they are not on the Main Board of the unique fundamentals of the company, not comparable. Although some of the fundamentals of the company is leaps and bounds in recent years, but some of the limitations of the company's growth can not be ignored.
sensation GEM A shares after the market outlook, how?
after the sharp rise in early afternoon there diving board market trend collective, the Shanghai index has lost it 3000 points, closing at Cross Star Little Yin Xian, the amplitude will be a huge market with a certain negative impact on my heart.
Watson believes that the GEM has some sensation in the market driven by short-term effect, but still can not avoid adjustment of long-term trend. GEM was carried in so high, directly raised the small board stock, the market sooner or later to digest these.
such a trend can not always go up. reported facing four seasons, three quarterly, so the share price is likely to occur the next division.
retail how to operate?
A-share market has always been a look forward to a 10-year-old GEM, it became the new family a long absence, fried feast. After all, is a new thing, is not it also kind enough to the Main Board fried, like the original, which is also to be seen. If the first day of the disk access, then the follow-up within half a month more than 60% probability of quilt. GEM risk.
distribution system also need to market themselves.
Source: Xinhua
2009 10 30 15:10
I Laishuoliangju (0)
Copy Link
Xinhua news medium and small medium and small medium and small markets awaited market finally listed on the GEM, the first group listed 28 companies. However, due to speculation by financial mania, 28 companies have been the Shenzhen Stock Exchange GEM temporary suspension, the Chinese stock market hit wonders. many investors confused, GEM was the first day of what exactly is the reason for such a stir that A shares will have any effect on the trend of the future, how should ordinary retail operations.
GEM stock index opened higher midday led back on board 3000 Xinhua News Agency reporter Li Jianshe
first batch of 28 companies on GEM Why was stir-fried?
! nearly 300%, Geeya technology is three times by suspension. Yenching University President Ben Wang Watson told reporters that the company was sensation in the GEM reflects two problems: first, the GEM enterprises have good prospects , the market for GEM companies with high expectations; second, 28 GEM companies over 50 times the average price-earnings ratio, the valuation of such pressure has been great, and continue to stir-fried the first day of listing, showing that China's wind of speculation is still very serious.
Malaysia Securities Industry Daily deputy editor, said we should not just from the motherboard market and even small board to come and go look at the GEM view, why Anke Biotechnology, Pathfinder, Huayi Brothers and so these shares rises so well, because they are not on the Main Board of the unique fundamentals of the company, not comparable. Although some of the fundamentals of the company is leaps and bounds in recent years, but some of the limitations of the company's growth can not be ignored.
sensation GEM A shares after the market outlook, how?
after the sharp rise in early afternoon there diving board market trend collective, the Shanghai index has lost it 3000 points, closing at Cross Star Little Yin Xian, the amplitude will be a huge market with a certain negative impact on my heart.
Watson believes that the GEM has some sensation in the market driven by short-term effect, but still can not avoid adjustment of long-term trend. GEM was carried in so high, directly raised the small board stock, the market sooner or later to digest these.
such a trend can not always go up. reported facing four seasons, three quarterly, so the share price is likely to occur the next division.
retail how to operate?
A-share market has always been a look forward to a 10-year-old GEM, it became the new family a long absence, fried feast. After all, is a new thing, is not it also kind enough to the Main Board fried, like the original, which is also to be seen. If the first day of the disk access, then the follow-up within half a month more than 60% probability of quilt. GEM risk.
distribution system also need to market themselves.
Thursday, February 10, 2011
Dead Fire review -
Sitting under the lamp, thinking this to be compiled as Lu Xun and his polemics perish enemy order of writing the text, but not Zhaobi long time. I know that Lu Xun was made out before his death in the hope that the book, because it is only in such Debate, he felt living in the world.
why a person willing to devote their life in such efforts in the struggle?
I sat with the constructed memory of Lu Xun's writing world, and eyes the first to come was actually Revenge of the story:
...... sad first, the speaker naturally; awhile, the door curtain yixian, she played out. red tunic, long black vest, long hair and fluffy, neck of two paper disk. nutation, Chuishou, winding walk a full platform, insiders say: This is taking a wear a red shirt as she cast bind ....... the occasion, ready for the devils to revenge, the red are more yang, easy, and strangers close to ......< br> in the quiet silence Lu Xun's line drawing live in front of me now. I seemed to see she wore hair back flick: a round face as white as lime, dark eyebrows, dark eyes, scarlet lips, and then is raise the shoulders slightly, look around, listen to, like panic, like joy, like anger, finally issued a sad voice. perseverance as Yuangui, death and revenge finally linked, even to the grave, still wearing a red tunic and refused to let go students with the enemy.
how much some of these self-described status as Lu Xun was already dying. in writing Smedley benefits for the support of the print anthology Kele's preface, and recorded his will, that one is at the end:
tooth loss with other people's eyes, but against retaliation, people who advocate tolerance, must never and he was close.
Lu Xun believed words.
So we know that Lu Xun as the power of forgiveness and their hack tools, so he will not forgive. However, this is still not enough to explain his view that the modern people near pathological desire and revenge pull off a spell.
refused to fair play for Lu Xun, Lu Xun's mean for the paranoid, for Lu Xun's sub-only human, this decade we talk about is really a lot. such as he finished, the friends and teachers, even though late, lamented , and Lu Xun, had to use such standards. Just a few days before his death, Lu Xun wrote two articles attached to commemorate his former teacher ZHANG, including an unfinished, he would leave behind. He criticized Taiyanxiansheng ; while also revolutionaries appeared previously, but later retreated to the quiet scholar, made with his own hands and by others to help build the wall, and the time cut off. down live in the hearts of the combatants. era, even if like me of Lu Xun's people had been relegated to the quiet scholar. in this quiet behind the illusion, extending said to live forever, and bid farewell to the history of the world. If such a peace will be placed in the Lu Xun era, he was afraid that we should like, Lu Fusheng I imagine when the world's image in:
that great, such as stone, but has been abandoned, and the Decline of the body quivered all round. This little bit of vibration, such as scales, each scale are ups and downs, such as boiling water on the fire; air also immediate with quiver, as if the storm waves of the sea shortage. (Lu Xun's words would someone who is willing to fight a series, this is really unexpected. This is like dust in the tumultuous with the bustling city of night, I remembered a woman hanging her singing, as are some weird. For the hope that these words cultural figures, who nationalist literature, the moral meaning of form or color of home, of course, there are old friends and comrades of the moment, but also unfolding their arguments and attitudes, so that those of us who know that Lu Xun was paranoid, bitter, suspicious the other side. For Lu Xun, for his opponents, for their exposure to the community, this is a fair strike.
it hidden inside the dialectics of the times.
for a preface written by young writers , Lu Xun once lamented that: . ) This is Lu Xun's life, believe that rather than believe in a future life - although he also was enthusiastic proponents of the theory of evolution, but most believe that China's future'd evolutionists.
I can not forget the article has been one of Lu Xun wrote in early 1930, entitled But remember that not only this article. Xun less than thousands of words of this essay is an overview of the history of China's rogue changes. In this article, the Chinese scholar Lu Xun will be attributed to the Man not has been in contact with Liehou Guiqi, ; have quietly near the power, but sage with one of quiet and kind. say thoroughly, but just getting a cheap cold to it - which is said to help with the hack of Lu Xun. Xun who scolded countless lives, many of which not only was his companion, friends, is still worthy of study and cultural figures. We do not have to Lu Xun's words as the sole criterion for determining historical figure because he himself is judged to be in the history of the characters, although I think he's . Xun has always been do not like Forgiveness, prefer the straight, he has long said that his curse may seem Siyuan, in fact, the public enemy. Alas, those debates took place half a century ago has been seen by many as unfortunate is the is concrete, but also the old Chinese history, from ancient hole, the old, ink, Buddha, until the contemporary sage sage. If the paranoid to Lu Xun, the first in Chinese history will say he's paranoid. it secret already point to wear: Comparison of Chinese and Western-style culture is expressed, innovator and conservative who are trying to compare in this relationship as However, the characteristics of Lu Xun's just that he did not simply descriptive compared to the kind of fiction he expressed in the specific context of the cultural point of view should not and can not be simply attributed to the on works of literary history, his passion for folk culture, his praise of the Han and Tang weather, have shown the complexity of his traditional views. Not only that, Lu Xun criticized the traditional, but also those who fiercely criticized the new CD from , domination of the social model from the historical relationship between the phase. For Lu Xun, whether cultural or traditional to sublime, history has not appeared out of the relationship between the dominant culture or tradition; the contrary, culture and tradition is the rule relations based on the legalization. If we are familiar with his early cultural point of view, we will find his unique perspective as concentrate on his observation of European history into the modern: the development of science, the practice of democracy may lead to the same ; objects the characters, ideas, school and the (political, economic, cultural, traditional, external) relationship between power and influence, how their attitudes towards power, their dominance in a particular relationship of the position, and not, as habits of his contemporaries as a simple comparison of Chinese and western-style choice. Western-style description of comparative social change in China provides a cultural basis, and build their own cultural identity in history, but this is not only the historical identity cover a specific historical relationship, but also the reconstruction of the (if not imaginary) cultural relations. Xun has never been the built up areas of the historical prospect, Lu Xun kept asking is: tradition or culture behind the curtain covering something? in Lu Xun seems, modern society continues to produce new forms of oppression and inequality, which also help with the hack in the form of more varied - political, economic and cultural fields, all of this, people also like the modern culture of their ancestors, continue to cover this historical relationship to create a The disclosure of this relationship that in itself is not only out of simple statements of Chinese and Western style contrast, but also contains a general belief in that era - the evolution or progress - the challenge: modern society has not evolved over time, many things not only existed since ancient times, and today even more so. Xun's criticism of the traditional course is intense, but he was not just a critical.
Lu Xun was a paradoxical figure, also has paradoxical thinking.
Lu Xun's world is filled with the dark swelling son, his attitude to pull off the real world is the proof.
However, the dark world of Lu Xun's understanding of the subject, often infiltrate the dark loneliness of us the memory of civilized man. Yes, he was hanging like the general women in red near the Yang, but in order to revenge, the light in his diaphragm. However, the more you close the world, the more they can appreciate the shadow of the world for Lu Xun's significance: it is dark and bright. Xun even greater than the fascination of it, he simply used the world to look upon the world around him .
This is a gentleman who is not with the eyes of the public and filtered world: animals with human faces, nine of the snake, cow foot, bag-like Royal River, headless criminal days, both the United States, such as abnormal Yuangui and Xuan female hanging, there is that white bounder - frown of impermanence, he noodles red lips, black eyebrows, such as paint, are also crying laughing .... .. love, hate, life, death, revenge ...... red, black, white ...... the head with a click sounded hard head, read the white sonorous: even if you royal !Day Carnival, a world of imaginary people, the original, with regenerative capacity of the world.
Lu Xun's world has a profound sense of humor bizarre nature, it's one of the sources, is that section of the village stage, in the civil legends and stories in the vivid colors of the ; Ghost lost its self-discipline, and its moral foundation. In the the state to fall back on. the planned order are incompatible with them. Xun and his opponents in the relationship, but that he created the
our most easily forgotten, than Lu Xun's , reductio ad absurdum, falsification method, dripping sarcasm and curse of the inherent logic of the world torn, and the laughter will be the show to people. 20 to 30 years in the city newspapers, created as Mu Lian Lu Opera that the special world: that by the humor, satire, humor, curse of the eerie world of form, missing only a couple of episodes of the mystery project. However, the same as all the folk carnival, Lu Xun's satirical laughter to our temporary zone beyond the normal life into the world system, into the world to another observation of the dramatic stage, but the world, this stage does not exist in the real world, on the contrary, it is this part of the world, is life itself. Bakhtin in the Middle Ages and the Renaissance carnival found: logic, all forms of parody and comic adaptation, teasing, belittling, profane, Humor-style coronation and deposed. the regeneration and renewal, including the home through the curse of death and regeneration of the enemy in the desire to contain the common world and self-denial. (Bakhtin: Folk Culture ; and appreciate cry and laugh on his face, oral and harmonic language of hard talks. (the rules of this world; when we feel deeply for him to pull off Haiyi, we had forgotten in his hidden behind the woman hanging, uncertain world, the world's human and joy; his heart when we overwhelmed by despair when we lost the regeneration and renewal that contains the meaning of the festive atmosphere of intimacy. We lost our identity does not open into the world of the carnival: We are scholars, civic, moral home, gentleman: We can not understand the language of the civil world, which we eventually lost the understanding of hatred and love, joy and the ability of humor.
Lu Xun's world also implies women hanging, uncertain of what civil society is not the world, that is, For the inner man, complexity and depth of understanding. In this understanding produced a reflection of culture. he experienced pain and guilt, into a deep depression and despair, his temperament into the creation of civil of the world. Xun irrepressible will be suppressed to things in the memory as the moment of things to experience, as well as historical reality and no longer have clear boundaries, in front of people and things seem to just gone but had a long overdue not gone past it. he does not trust the surface of things, the external shape, the total going to pursue the truth hidden behind the veneer of those who sees clearly the essays in the waves of humor, witty, ironic laughter ripped a life mask. Xun reject any form, any range of memory in the power relations and oppression: the oppression of ethnic, class oppression, the oppression of women by men, the elderly on the oppression of youth, knowledge of the oppression, the oppression of the strong over the weak, social oppression of the individual, and so on. Perhaps this book tells readers is: Lu Xun hate everything legitimize these unequal relations of knowledge, preaching, and lies, his life is torn in these ; the words cast of the curtain. However, Lu Xun is not utopian, and not such as leaf Suining, spindle waves that have the illusion of change of the poet. In his remarks on criticism of its opponents, including the their comments on the production of these opponents questioning and analysis of the conditions. Lu Xun hidden in critical for those committed to the cause of human society in the future is not clear a wonderful picture.
, however, that the spirit of the dark memories of the trauma and the formation of distrust: that is always the reality of experience as a passing schemata tragic cycle, but also often lead to a split inside Lu Xun. abnormal sensitivity, but also as his contemporaries were not without reservation immersed in the ideal of a value, but always to their own independent thinking, not without doubt the movement dedicated to the times. , joy, love, life, is all gone, and only an empty, I used to go in exchange for real void there. has been pointed out elsewhere, the real soul-stirring, it is difficult to calm, it is precisely the kind of history that he repeat the tragic experience of a sense of feeling and circulation: the evolution of history is just as if repeated again and again, a cycle consisting of , and the reality - including the movement are engaged in their own - does not seem to mark the progress of history, it touches into a ridiculous cycle. before the millennium, is being done in the era of slavery and stability. , hovering near four, and wish her demise, I personally saw; or cursed her apart from all the destruction, even myself, because I should be cursed.
(In the debate of his paranoid: he saw from his face not only the person, but he faced, he had to bear the history - the famous gate of darkness.
good Takeuchi of Japan was first proposed with regard to The real revolutionaries, but the body entangled in the soldiers who fly and the like. cycle, and always maintain the The real revolution in the object the ultimate revolutionary.
This is Lu Xun's lament that, every time I remember the feel deep shock and grief of bone marrow:
China has always been a hero to a rare defeat, a rare toughness against, few dare to single fierce battle the swordsman, few dare to ask the traitors hanging off crying.
(not self-deception, kind of afraid of failure, afraid of loneliness, forever forever the revolutionary onslaught. For the eternal revolutionaries, they only through the tireless, and perhaps desperate fight to get rid of .
, however, as this world innocent, innocent one, he believes he already embedded in the midst of history, and that he hated this world conspiracy. do not know, now that this is difficult to see real people! have all kinds of jackets, embroidered with all kinds of good tricks: learning, morality, national essence, public opinion, logic, justice, Eastern civilization. such fighters Lu Xun's cultural practices and create a truly revolutionary's image, that image of the penetration of the weight of history and inner hopeless expectations. the revolutionary image of the most fundamental characteristic is: he never put themselves ridicule, criticism, attack objects, as opposed to stand on its own, but the object itself reduced to a part of. As a result, the negative thing is not a local phenomenon in the world, but overall, is inclusive of his rebel . It is a changing world, this revolutionary change is an integral part of the world, which the revolutionaries of the world's attacks, ridicule and criticism include the nature of a reflection.
this image of Lu Xun judge things also constitute a criteria. In an article, Lu Xun comes to many of the gentlemen vision to the advice of the later ones: If not born saints, hero, genius, do not students; write out if not immortal, do not Write ;......is in the research laboratory of a mile - but has not been studied well. In this ever-heaving of the world, this attitude and expression of the eternal nature of this understanding of the world.
knowledge of the Chinese Lu Xun's criticism, mostly due to this the.
not in Lu Xun revolution revolutionary career, he has always been for those people to the revolution as a job alert. He is not the spokesman for a group, he seemed to have been the collective movement of deep doubt. But the real revolution, He is longing for. from the May Fourth period, to 30 years, he was the Russian Revolution and its culture have had great expectations, it is not because of fanaticism, but because he expected the revolution to subvert the inequality is permanent but order. On the other hand, experienced the Revolution, the Second Revolution, Zhang Xun Restoration, Yuan Shikai proclaimed himself emperor, and With the revolution but also believe that filth and blood.
BUILDING lonely new, safe old battlefield. two Yuyi Cu, Netherlands Ji loss alone. This is the status of his own, but also a true portrayal of the times. He can not doubt the revolution No success, but suspect it has created a new world but a guise of old China, and has changed is the corner of the stage child, the same is the old order. This is the Fu, expand in the modern urban jungle Although not conclusive, but enough so that countries unable to fully mobilize all of its leadership means, and only then be effective warfare. versa one by one without exception, the struggle with the political - for all the unequal relationship between the old and new mechanisms of resistance and reproduction.
Lu Xun did not give up through the text to create a basking Critical non-mainstream social forces, and even non-mainstream social collective, He devoted his life to nurturing new cultural forces, ; of left posed by the rule of order, constantly looking for breakthrough opportunities, and ultimately led to the ruler of the world where non-mainstream culture has become dominant or dominant culture.
Lu Xun was not in his preaching, but with his The practice of creating understanding of intellectuals.
knowledge of Lu Xun to see themselves as a member of the class, but it is a rebellious one. he did not consider themselves or on behalf of the future of the next class, not because he believes that knowledge elements is pregnant with guilt that his habits too, not to represent and embody the future of the new social group, is a product of the new historical situation, but by no means been eliminated anachronistic remnants of the social group, or the long-standing history of all the new social relations beyond the Lu Xun on the class nature, especially the class nature of the discussion of literature crucial point is not whether there is human nature, or how the relationship between human nature and class character. Xun has always been concerned about relations of domination and its reproduction mechanism, therefore, he was anxious to point out is rather : In the unequal social relations, the concept of human nature to cover what?
probably should not be forgotten: even in that group, he still tirelessly with the struggle against unequal power relations. In those new > Lu Xun was a distinguished scholar, excellent novelist. but his writing career but neither can scholars, novelists or writers can not be summarized. said, and Lu Xun's academic achievement, learning at home who can not help dancing when I this state. probation filial piety in the name of Cao Cao to kill Jung, Lu Xun saw the relationship between literary and political; many people think that Jin Qiu slow light performance with a Manhattan, He Yan Lu medicine out of whom happens to make comments; Ji Kang, Ji destruction ritual, Lu Xun said they too believed the sake of propriety; recluse Tao Qian is a model for scholars through the ages, but in fact, Lu said he could not exceeding the earth, Lu Xun is so quiet candle hidden hole in the ground, and that he knew the secret, must be humble to know people, so many people by the ancient great injustice. but finally left. He would not put himself and his research woven into an increasingly tight cage of modern society, do not want their social criticism and cultural criticism has been absorbed by the Institute of As beam system, do not want to not only clear in his academic research but also know that people fall into the trap of norms.
he would rather be a 々 Gramsci called concept.
in Lu Xun lifetime to say goodbye to Ah Q There have been times in the discussion. today's society compared to the times in which Lu Xun, the change is profound. So, what this change is the change it?
Lu Xun of age in a time of change and revolution, but also a rapid turbulent times, and now the collapse of the process of modernization was the revolutionary class, so there is no possibility of radical revolution. modern movement is characterized by progressive , the legalization of the way, all aspects of the organization of social life into the Weber said that .
Xun era of knowledge and cultural activities are closely related with the university system, but the intellectuals of that era's ideological activities and maintain close social life and organic links. contemporary culture is one important sign of life, but Lu Xun's style is
why a person willing to devote their life in such efforts in the struggle?
I sat with the constructed memory of Lu Xun's writing world, and eyes the first to come was actually Revenge of the story:
...... sad first, the speaker naturally; awhile, the door curtain yixian, she played out. red tunic, long black vest, long hair and fluffy, neck of two paper disk. nutation, Chuishou, winding walk a full platform, insiders say: This is taking a wear a red shirt as she cast bind ....... the occasion, ready for the devils to revenge, the red are more yang, easy, and strangers close to ......< br> in the quiet silence Lu Xun's line drawing live in front of me now. I seemed to see she wore hair back flick: a round face as white as lime, dark eyebrows, dark eyes, scarlet lips, and then is raise the shoulders slightly, look around, listen to, like panic, like joy, like anger, finally issued a sad voice. perseverance as Yuangui, death and revenge finally linked, even to the grave, still wearing a red tunic and refused to let go students with the enemy.
how much some of these self-described status as Lu Xun was already dying. in writing Smedley benefits for the support of the print anthology Kele's preface, and recorded his will, that one is at the end:
tooth loss with other people's eyes, but against retaliation, people who advocate tolerance, must never and he was close.
Lu Xun believed words.
So we know that Lu Xun as the power of forgiveness and their hack tools, so he will not forgive. However, this is still not enough to explain his view that the modern people near pathological desire and revenge pull off a spell.
refused to fair play for Lu Xun, Lu Xun's mean for the paranoid, for Lu Xun's sub-only human, this decade we talk about is really a lot. such as he finished, the friends and teachers, even though late, lamented , and Lu Xun, had to use such standards. Just a few days before his death, Lu Xun wrote two articles attached to commemorate his former teacher ZHANG, including an unfinished, he would leave behind. He criticized Taiyanxiansheng ; while also revolutionaries appeared previously, but later retreated to the quiet scholar, made with his own hands and by others to help build the wall, and the time cut off. down live in the hearts of the combatants. era, even if like me of Lu Xun's people had been relegated to the quiet scholar. in this quiet behind the illusion, extending said to live forever, and bid farewell to the history of the world. If such a peace will be placed in the Lu Xun era, he was afraid that we should like, Lu Fusheng I imagine when the world's image in:
that great, such as stone, but has been abandoned, and the Decline of the body quivered all round. This little bit of vibration, such as scales, each scale are ups and downs, such as boiling water on the fire; air also immediate with quiver, as if the storm waves of the sea shortage. (Lu Xun's words would someone who is willing to fight a series, this is really unexpected. This is like dust in the tumultuous with the bustling city of night, I remembered a woman hanging her singing, as are some weird. For the hope that these words cultural figures, who nationalist literature, the moral meaning of form or color of home, of course, there are old friends and comrades of the moment, but also unfolding their arguments and attitudes, so that those of us who know that Lu Xun was paranoid, bitter, suspicious the other side. For Lu Xun, for his opponents, for their exposure to the community, this is a fair strike.
it hidden inside the dialectics of the times.
for a preface written by young writers , Lu Xun once lamented that: . ) This is Lu Xun's life, believe that rather than believe in a future life - although he also was enthusiastic proponents of the theory of evolution, but most believe that China's future'd evolutionists.
I can not forget the article has been one of Lu Xun wrote in early 1930, entitled But remember that not only this article. Xun less than thousands of words of this essay is an overview of the history of China's rogue changes. In this article, the Chinese scholar Lu Xun will be attributed to the Man not has been in contact with Liehou Guiqi, ; have quietly near the power, but sage with one of quiet and kind. say thoroughly, but just getting a cheap cold to it - which is said to help with the hack of Lu Xun. Xun who scolded countless lives, many of which not only was his companion, friends, is still worthy of study and cultural figures. We do not have to Lu Xun's words as the sole criterion for determining historical figure because he himself is judged to be in the history of the characters, although I think he's . Xun has always been do not like Forgiveness, prefer the straight, he has long said that his curse may seem Siyuan, in fact, the public enemy. Alas, those debates took place half a century ago has been seen by many as unfortunate is the is concrete, but also the old Chinese history, from ancient hole, the old, ink, Buddha, until the contemporary sage sage. If the paranoid to Lu Xun, the first in Chinese history will say he's paranoid. it secret already point to wear: Comparison of Chinese and Western-style culture is expressed, innovator and conservative who are trying to compare in this relationship as However, the characteristics of Lu Xun's just that he did not simply descriptive compared to the kind of fiction he expressed in the specific context of the cultural point of view should not and can not be simply attributed to the on works of literary history, his passion for folk culture, his praise of the Han and Tang weather, have shown the complexity of his traditional views. Not only that, Lu Xun criticized the traditional, but also those who fiercely criticized the new CD from , domination of the social model from the historical relationship between the phase. For Lu Xun, whether cultural or traditional to sublime, history has not appeared out of the relationship between the dominant culture or tradition; the contrary, culture and tradition is the rule relations based on the legalization. If we are familiar with his early cultural point of view, we will find his unique perspective as concentrate on his observation of European history into the modern: the development of science, the practice of democracy may lead to the same ; objects the characters, ideas, school and the (political, economic, cultural, traditional, external) relationship between power and influence, how their attitudes towards power, their dominance in a particular relationship of the position, and not, as habits of his contemporaries as a simple comparison of Chinese and western-style choice. Western-style description of comparative social change in China provides a cultural basis, and build their own cultural identity in history, but this is not only the historical identity cover a specific historical relationship, but also the reconstruction of the (if not imaginary) cultural relations. Xun has never been the built up areas of the historical prospect, Lu Xun kept asking is: tradition or culture behind the curtain covering something? in Lu Xun seems, modern society continues to produce new forms of oppression and inequality, which also help with the hack in the form of more varied - political, economic and cultural fields, all of this, people also like the modern culture of their ancestors, continue to cover this historical relationship to create a The disclosure of this relationship that in itself is not only out of simple statements of Chinese and Western style contrast, but also contains a general belief in that era - the evolution or progress - the challenge: modern society has not evolved over time, many things not only existed since ancient times, and today even more so. Xun's criticism of the traditional course is intense, but he was not just a critical.
Lu Xun was a paradoxical figure, also has paradoxical thinking.
Lu Xun's world is filled with the dark swelling son, his attitude to pull off the real world is the proof.
However, the dark world of Lu Xun's understanding of the subject, often infiltrate the dark loneliness of us the memory of civilized man. Yes, he was hanging like the general women in red near the Yang, but in order to revenge, the light in his diaphragm. However, the more you close the world, the more they can appreciate the shadow of the world for Lu Xun's significance: it is dark and bright. Xun even greater than the fascination of it, he simply used the world to look upon the world around him .
This is a gentleman who is not with the eyes of the public and filtered world: animals with human faces, nine of the snake, cow foot, bag-like Royal River, headless criminal days, both the United States, such as abnormal Yuangui and Xuan female hanging, there is that white bounder - frown of impermanence, he noodles red lips, black eyebrows, such as paint, are also crying laughing .... .. love, hate, life, death, revenge ...... red, black, white ...... the head with a click sounded hard head, read the white sonorous: even if you royal !Day Carnival, a world of imaginary people, the original, with regenerative capacity of the world.
Lu Xun's world has a profound sense of humor bizarre nature, it's one of the sources, is that section of the village stage, in the civil legends and stories in the vivid colors of the ; Ghost lost its self-discipline, and its moral foundation. In the the state to fall back on. the planned order are incompatible with them. Xun and his opponents in the relationship, but that he created the
our most easily forgotten, than Lu Xun's , reductio ad absurdum, falsification method, dripping sarcasm and curse of the inherent logic of the world torn, and the laughter will be the show to people. 20 to 30 years in the city newspapers, created as Mu Lian Lu Opera that the special world: that by the humor, satire, humor, curse of the eerie world of form, missing only a couple of episodes of the mystery project. However, the same as all the folk carnival, Lu Xun's satirical laughter to our temporary zone beyond the normal life into the world system, into the world to another observation of the dramatic stage, but the world, this stage does not exist in the real world, on the contrary, it is this part of the world, is life itself. Bakhtin in the Middle Ages and the Renaissance carnival found: logic, all forms of parody and comic adaptation, teasing, belittling, profane, Humor-style coronation and deposed. the regeneration and renewal, including the home through the curse of death and regeneration of the enemy in the desire to contain the common world and self-denial. (Bakhtin: Folk Culture ; and appreciate cry and laugh on his face, oral and harmonic language of hard talks. (the rules of this world; when we feel deeply for him to pull off Haiyi, we had forgotten in his hidden behind the woman hanging, uncertain world, the world's human and joy; his heart when we overwhelmed by despair when we lost the regeneration and renewal that contains the meaning of the festive atmosphere of intimacy. We lost our identity does not open into the world of the carnival: We are scholars, civic, moral home, gentleman: We can not understand the language of the civil world, which we eventually lost the understanding of hatred and love, joy and the ability of humor.
Lu Xun's world also implies women hanging, uncertain of what civil society is not the world, that is, For the inner man, complexity and depth of understanding. In this understanding produced a reflection of culture. he experienced pain and guilt, into a deep depression and despair, his temperament into the creation of civil of the world. Xun irrepressible will be suppressed to things in the memory as the moment of things to experience, as well as historical reality and no longer have clear boundaries, in front of people and things seem to just gone but had a long overdue not gone past it. he does not trust the surface of things, the external shape, the total going to pursue the truth hidden behind the veneer of those who sees clearly the essays in the waves of humor, witty, ironic laughter ripped a life mask. Xun reject any form, any range of memory in the power relations and oppression: the oppression of ethnic, class oppression, the oppression of women by men, the elderly on the oppression of youth, knowledge of the oppression, the oppression of the strong over the weak, social oppression of the individual, and so on. Perhaps this book tells readers is: Lu Xun hate everything legitimize these unequal relations of knowledge, preaching, and lies, his life is torn in these ; the words cast of the curtain. However, Lu Xun is not utopian, and not such as leaf Suining, spindle waves that have the illusion of change of the poet. In his remarks on criticism of its opponents, including the their comments on the production of these opponents questioning and analysis of the conditions. Lu Xun hidden in critical for those committed to the cause of human society in the future is not clear a wonderful picture.
, however, that the spirit of the dark memories of the trauma and the formation of distrust: that is always the reality of experience as a passing schemata tragic cycle, but also often lead to a split inside Lu Xun. abnormal sensitivity, but also as his contemporaries were not without reservation immersed in the ideal of a value, but always to their own independent thinking, not without doubt the movement dedicated to the times. , joy, love, life, is all gone, and only an empty, I used to go in exchange for real void there. has been pointed out elsewhere, the real soul-stirring, it is difficult to calm, it is precisely the kind of history that he repeat the tragic experience of a sense of feeling and circulation: the evolution of history is just as if repeated again and again, a cycle consisting of , and the reality - including the movement are engaged in their own - does not seem to mark the progress of history, it touches into a ridiculous cycle. before the millennium, is being done in the era of slavery and stability. , hovering near four, and wish her demise, I personally saw; or cursed her apart from all the destruction, even myself, because I should be cursed.
(In the debate of his paranoid: he saw from his face not only the person, but he faced, he had to bear the history - the famous gate of darkness.
good Takeuchi of Japan was first proposed with regard to The real revolutionaries, but the body entangled in the soldiers who fly and the like. cycle, and always maintain the The real revolution in the object the ultimate revolutionary.
This is Lu Xun's lament that, every time I remember the feel deep shock and grief of bone marrow:
China has always been a hero to a rare defeat, a rare toughness against, few dare to single fierce battle the swordsman, few dare to ask the traitors hanging off crying.
(not self-deception, kind of afraid of failure, afraid of loneliness, forever forever the revolutionary onslaught. For the eternal revolutionaries, they only through the tireless, and perhaps desperate fight to get rid of .
, however, as this world innocent, innocent one, he believes he already embedded in the midst of history, and that he hated this world conspiracy. do not know, now that this is difficult to see real people! have all kinds of jackets, embroidered with all kinds of good tricks: learning, morality, national essence, public opinion, logic, justice, Eastern civilization. such fighters Lu Xun's cultural practices and create a truly revolutionary's image, that image of the penetration of the weight of history and inner hopeless expectations. the revolutionary image of the most fundamental characteristic is: he never put themselves ridicule, criticism, attack objects, as opposed to stand on its own, but the object itself reduced to a part of. As a result, the negative thing is not a local phenomenon in the world, but overall, is inclusive of his rebel . It is a changing world, this revolutionary change is an integral part of the world, which the revolutionaries of the world's attacks, ridicule and criticism include the nature of a reflection.
this image of Lu Xun judge things also constitute a criteria. In an article, Lu Xun comes to many of the gentlemen vision to the advice of the later ones: If not born saints, hero, genius, do not students; write out if not immortal, do not Write ;......is in the research laboratory of a mile - but has not been studied well. In this ever-heaving of the world, this attitude and expression of the eternal nature of this understanding of the world.
knowledge of the Chinese Lu Xun's criticism, mostly due to this the.
not in Lu Xun revolution revolutionary career, he has always been for those people to the revolution as a job alert. He is not the spokesman for a group, he seemed to have been the collective movement of deep doubt. But the real revolution, He is longing for. from the May Fourth period, to 30 years, he was the Russian Revolution and its culture have had great expectations, it is not because of fanaticism, but because he expected the revolution to subvert the inequality is permanent but order. On the other hand, experienced the Revolution, the Second Revolution, Zhang Xun Restoration, Yuan Shikai proclaimed himself emperor, and With the revolution but also believe that filth and blood.
BUILDING lonely new, safe old battlefield. two Yuyi Cu, Netherlands Ji loss alone. This is the status of his own, but also a true portrayal of the times. He can not doubt the revolution No success, but suspect it has created a new world but a guise of old China, and has changed is the corner of the stage child, the same is the old order. This is the Fu, expand in the modern urban jungle Although not conclusive, but enough so that countries unable to fully mobilize all of its leadership means, and only then be effective warfare. versa one by one without exception, the struggle with the political - for all the unequal relationship between the old and new mechanisms of resistance and reproduction.
Lu Xun did not give up through the text to create a basking Critical non-mainstream social forces, and even non-mainstream social collective, He devoted his life to nurturing new cultural forces, ; of left posed by the rule of order, constantly looking for breakthrough opportunities, and ultimately led to the ruler of the world where non-mainstream culture has become dominant or dominant culture.
Lu Xun was not in his preaching, but with his The practice of creating understanding of intellectuals.
knowledge of Lu Xun to see themselves as a member of the class, but it is a rebellious one. he did not consider themselves or on behalf of the future of the next class, not because he believes that knowledge elements is pregnant with guilt that his habits too, not to represent and embody the future of the new social group, is a product of the new historical situation, but by no means been eliminated anachronistic remnants of the social group, or the long-standing history of all the new social relations beyond the Lu Xun on the class nature, especially the class nature of the discussion of literature crucial point is not whether there is human nature, or how the relationship between human nature and class character. Xun has always been concerned about relations of domination and its reproduction mechanism, therefore, he was anxious to point out is rather : In the unequal social relations, the concept of human nature to cover what?
probably should not be forgotten: even in that group, he still tirelessly with the struggle against unequal power relations. In those new > Lu Xun was a distinguished scholar, excellent novelist. but his writing career but neither can scholars, novelists or writers can not be summarized. said, and Lu Xun's academic achievement, learning at home who can not help dancing when I this state. probation filial piety in the name of Cao Cao to kill Jung, Lu Xun saw the relationship between literary and political; many people think that Jin Qiu slow light performance with a Manhattan, He Yan Lu medicine out of whom happens to make comments; Ji Kang, Ji destruction ritual, Lu Xun said they too believed the sake of propriety; recluse Tao Qian is a model for scholars through the ages, but in fact, Lu said he could not exceeding the earth, Lu Xun is so quiet candle hidden hole in the ground, and that he knew the secret, must be humble to know people, so many people by the ancient great injustice. but finally left. He would not put himself and his research woven into an increasingly tight cage of modern society, do not want their social criticism and cultural criticism has been absorbed by the Institute of As beam system, do not want to not only clear in his academic research but also know that people fall into the trap of norms.
he would rather be a 々 Gramsci called concept.
in Lu Xun lifetime to say goodbye to Ah Q There have been times in the discussion. today's society compared to the times in which Lu Xun, the change is profound. So, what this change is the change it?
Lu Xun of age in a time of change and revolution, but also a rapid turbulent times, and now the collapse of the process of modernization was the revolutionary class, so there is no possibility of radical revolution. modern movement is characterized by progressive , the legalization of the way, all aspects of the organization of social life into the Weber said that .
Xun era of knowledge and cultural activities are closely related with the university system, but the intellectuals of that era's ideological activities and maintain close social life and organic links. contemporary culture is one important sign of life, but Lu Xun's style is
Subscribe to:
Posts (Atom)